Drug Details

General Information of the Drug (ID: DR1849)
Name
Hydroxyurea
Synonyms
hydroxyurea; Hydroxycarbamide; 127-07-1; N-Hydroxyurea; Hydrea; 1-HYDROXYUREA; Oxyurea; Carbamoyl oxime; Biosupressin; Hydroxycarbamine; Urea, hydroxy-; Onco-carbide; Carbamohydroxamic acid; Carbamohydroximic acid; Carbamyl hydroxamate; Hydura; Litalir; Hydurea; N-Carbamoylhydroxylamine; Droxia; Hidrix; Hydroxicarbamidum; Siklos; Hydroxylurea; Hydreia; Litaler; Idrossicarbamide [DCIT]; Hidroxicarbamida; Hydroxyharnstoff; Hydroxycarbamidum; Carbamohydroxyamic acid; N-Hydroxymocovina; Hydroxylamine, N-carbamoyl-; SQ 1089; urea, N-hydroxy-; Hydroxyharnstoff [German]; N-Hydroxymocovina [Czech]; NCI-C04831; Hydroxylamine, N-(aminocarbonyl)-; SK 22591; Hydroxycarbamidum [INN-Latin]; Hidroxicarbamida [INN-Spanish]; HU; CCRIS 958; HYDROXY-UREA; NSC 32065; hydroxy urea; UNII-X6Q56QN5QC; NSC32065; MFCD00007943; AI3-51139; Hydroxyurea (Cytodrox); CHEMBL467; SQ-1089; X6Q56QN5QC; CHEBI:44423; Hydroxyurea, 98%; NSC-32065; Hydroxy Urea-15N; NCGC00015520-03; Hydroxycarbamid; Oncocarbide; Idrossicarbamide; DSSTox_CID_5438; DSSTox_RID_77787; DSSTox_GSID_25438; NHY; Hydroxyurea (D4); N-HYDROXY UREA; Mylocel; carbamide oxide; CAS-127-07-1; SMR000059149; Hydroxyurea (USP); Droxia (TM); Droxia (TN); Hydrea (TM); hydroxyaminomethanamide; HSDB 6887; SR-01000075919; DRG-0253; EINECS 204-821-7; HYDREA (TN); Hydroxyurea [USAN:USP]; BRN 1741548; Hydroxycarbamide (JAN/INN); hydroxyl urea; Xromi; 1-oxidanylurea; S-phase/G-1 interface inhibitor; 15N Hydroxyurea; aminohydroxamic acid; carbamic acid oxime; Carbomohydroxamic acid; Spectrum_000909; Hydroxycarbamide [INN]; WLN: ZVMQ; Hydrea (Bristol Meyers); Spectrum2_000064; Spectrum3_000462; Spectrum4_000012; Spectrum5_000836; Lopac-H-8627; MolMap_000029; H 8627; NCIMech_000139; Hydroxyurea, 98%, powder; ACMC-1C22W; Lopac0_000596; BSPBio_002164; KBioGR_000383; KBioSS_001389; 4-03-00-00170 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 8029-68-3; hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea); MLS001332381; MLS001332382; MLS002153389; DivK1c_000556; N-(Aminocarbonyl)hydroxylamine; SPECTRUM1500344; SPBio_000247; GTPL6822; NC(=O)N[O]; DTXSID6025438; tetratogen: inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase; HMS501L18; KBio1_000556; KBio2_001389; KBio2_003957; KBio2_006525; KBio3_001384; NINDS_000556; Bio1_000451; Bio1_000940; Bio1_001429; HMS1920F09; HMS2091L17; HMS2234I03; HMS3261H14; HMS3373G18; HMS3655K20; HMS3869C03; NCI C04831; Pharmakon1600-01500344; ACT02611; ALBB-028465; AMY40858; EBD12517; HY-B0313; STR02555; ZINC8034120; Tox21_110168; Tox21_300319; Tox21_500596; ANW-18958; BBL009928; BDBM50017811; CCG-35236; NSC757072; s1896; STL145898; AKOS005716276; AKOS006222547; Tox21_110168_1; ZINC100019199; DB01005; LP00596; MCULE-9465284053; NSC-757072; SDCCGSBI-0050578.P006; IDI1_000556; NCGC00015520-01; NCGC00015520-02; NCGC00015520-04; NCGC00015520-05; NCGC00015520-06; NCGC00015520-07; NCGC00015520-08; NCGC00015520-09; NCGC00015520-10; NCGC00015520-11; NCGC00015520-20; NCGC00093974-01; NCGC00093974-02; NCGC00093974-03; NCGC00093974-04; NCGC00093974-05; NCGC00254007-01; NCGC00261281-01; AC-22674; AK128930; NCI60_002773; SBI-0050578.P004; AB0013265; DB-041849; EU-0100596; FT-0627160; FT-0627175; FT-0670210; SW218071-2; C07044; D00341; Hydroxyurea, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=98%; AB00052018-09; AB00052018-10; AB00052018_11; AB00052018_12; 127H071; A805636; Q212272; J-504798; SR-01000075919-1; SR-01000075919-3; SR-01000075919-8; E0723DBA-5AF3-49D1-B5F6-59420AB87AC9; F8880-0905; Z1522566612; Hydroxycarbamide, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Hydroxyurea, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
    Click to Show/Hide
Molecular Type
Small molecule
Disease Chronic myelogenous leukaemia [ICD-11: 2A20] Approved [1]
Structure
Click to Download Mol
2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absorption
The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability
Bioavailability
79% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s)
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 1.5 mL/min/kg
Elimination
80% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3 - 4 hours
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 1502.57324 micromolar/kg/day
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 1%
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.52 L/kg
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 50 mg/mL
    Click to Show/Hide
    Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Information and External Link(s) of This Natural Product
Formula
CH4N2O2
PubChem CID
3657
Canonical SMILES
C(=O)(N)NO
InChI
1S/CH4N2O2/c2-1(4)3-5/h5H,(H3,2,3,4)
InChIKey
VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 127-07-1
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:44423
TTD Drug ID
D07CWD
DrugBank ID
DB01005
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Enhance the Efficacy of This Drug
          Acitretin      Homo sapiens     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Hydroxyurea and acitretin as a novel combination therapy in severe plaque psoriasis.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 (RRM2)  Molecule Info  [3]
BioCyc Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis from CTP Click to Show/Hide
2 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
3 Guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis
4 Superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
5 Superpathway of purine nucleotide salvage
6 Purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis
7 Adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
8 Guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
KEGG Pathway Purine metabolism Click to Show/Hide
2 Pyrimidine metabolism
3 Glutathione metabolism
4 Metabolic pathways
5 p53 signaling pathway
NetPath Pathway EGFR1 Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
Panther Pathway p53 pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 De novo purine biosynthesis
3 De novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
Pathwhiz Pathway Purine Metabolism Click to Show/Hide
2 Pyrimidine Metabolism
Pathway Interaction Database E2F transcription factor network Click to Show/Hide
Reactome E2F mediated regulation of DNA replication Click to Show/Hide
2 G1/S-Specific Transcription
WikiPathways Nucleotide Metabolism Click to Show/Hide
2 Retinoblastoma (RB) in Cancer
3 Metabolism of nucleotides
4 Fluoropyrimidine Activity
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6822).
Reference 2 Hydroxyurea and acitretin as a novel combination therapy in severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2018 Nov;179(5):1212-1213.
Reference 3 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
 Download Picture         KEGG Link