Drug Details

General Information of the Drug (ID: DR4368)
Name
Acetazolamide
Synonyms
acetazolamide; 59-66-5; Diamox; N-(5-Sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide; Acetazolamid; Acetamox; Diacarb; Glaupax; Defiltran; Nephramide; Cidamex; Diluran; Edemox; Dehydratin; Diuramid; Diutazol; Duiramid; Eumicton; Natrionex; Nephramid; Phonurit; Diakarb; Donmox; Fonurit; Glupax; Vetamox; Didoc; SK-acetazolamide; 5-Acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide; Diuriwas; Acetazoleamide; Acetozalamide; Diureticum-holzinger; Acetamidothiadiazolesulfonamide; Acetazolamida; Acetazolamidum; 4-Diamox; Acetamide, N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor No. 6063; 2-Acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide; N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide; C4H6N4O3S2; 2-Acetamido-5-sulfonamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 6063; UNII-O3FX965V0I; MFCD00003105; NSC 145177; 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, 5-acetamido-; 5-Acetamide-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide; CHEMBL20; Diamox (TN); N-(5-(Aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide; MLS000028435; O3FX965V0I; CHEBI:27690; Acetamide, N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-; NSC-145177; CAS-59-66-5; N-[5-(Aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiozol-2-yl]-Acetamide; NCGC00015074-10; Acetazolamine; Acetamide, N-(5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-; Atenezol; Glaumox; SMR000058394; Diamox Sequels; DSSTox_CID_2544; 5-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide; DSSTox_RID_76621; DSSTox_GSID_22544; Acetazolamidum [INN-Latin]; Acetazolamida [INN-Spanish]; N-(5-[Aminosulfonyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide; N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,5-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide; CCRIS 5811; Acetazolamide (AAZ); HSDB 3002; SR-01000000065; EINECS 200-440-5; AI3-52458; Prestwick_4; 1azm; 1yda; 1ydb; 1ydd; 1zsb; 2xtk; 3czv; 3ucj; Acetazolamide, 5; Acetazolamide [USP:INN:BAN:JAN]; Acerazolamide, AAZ; Acetazolamide, AAZ; Acetazolamide, AZA; Acetazolamide, AZM; ACMC-20gwkd; PubChem12858; Spectrum_000018; 1jd0; 2h4n; 2uy4; 3dc3; 3hs4; 3ml5; 4g0c; Opera_ID_288; AZA2; Prestwick0_000003; Prestwick1_000003; Prestwick2_000003; Prestwick3_000003; Spectrum2_000082; Spectrum3_000284; Spectrum4_000139; Spectrum5_000738; Lopac-A-6011; A 6011; Lopac0_000039; SCHEMBL23219; BSPBio_000005; BSPBio_001788; KBioGR_000558; KBioSS_000358; MLS001148438; BIDD:GT0643; DivK1c_000017; SPECTRUM1500102; N-(5-Sulfamoyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-acetamide; SPBio_000004; SPBio_001926; BPBio1_000007; GTPL6792; (non-d)Acetazolamide-13C2-d3; Acetazolamide, >=99%, powder; DTXSID7022544; SCHEMBL11049053; BDBM10880; BZKPWHYZMXOIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-; HMS500A19; KBio1_000017; KBio2_000358; KBio2_002926; KBio2_005494; KBio3_001288; Acetazolamide (JP17/USP/INN); AMY3289; Acetazolamide, analytical standard; NINDS_000017; HMS1568A07; HMS1920A05; HMS2091G05; HMS2095A07; HMS2232G23; HMS3259I13; HMS3260G19; HMS3370P01; HMS3712A07; HMS3744A21; Pharmakon1600-01500102; WLN: T5NN DSJ CSZW EMV1; ALBB-023617; BCP29616; EBD55026; HY-B0782; ZINC3813042; Tox21_110078; Tox21_201559; Tox21_302773; Tox21_500039; CCG-38900; NSC145177; NSC755854; s4506; SBB056640; AKOS000715163; Tox21_110078_1; CS-3568; DB00819; LP00039; MCULE-4029778803; NC00491; NSC-755854; SDCCGSBI-0050028.P005; Acetazolamide Related Compound (5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonic acid); IDI1_000017; NCGC00015074-01; NCGC00015074-02; NCGC00015074-03; NCGC00015074-04; NCGC00015074-05; NCGC00015074-06; NCGC00015074-07; NCGC00015074-08; NCGC00015074-09; NCGC00015074-11; NCGC00015074-12; NCGC00015074-14; NCGC00015074-15; NCGC00015074-22; NCGC00023455-03; NCGC00023455-04; NCGC00023455-05; NCGC00023455-06; NCGC00023455-07; NCGC00256374-01; NCGC00259108-01; NCGC00260724-01; AC-12779; AK324920; AS-13169; H501; SBI-0050028.P004; 2-Acetamido-5-sulfonamido-1,4-thiadiazole; 5-Acetamide-1,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide; DB-053437; 5-Acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-sulfonamide; AB00051906; EU-0100039; R1055; ST45022057; 1,4-Thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, 5-acetamido-; C06805; D00218; J10059; 20506-EP2269989A1; 20506-EP2275420A1; 20506-EP2280008A2; 20506-EP2295406A1; 20506-EP2298772A1; 20506-EP2308562A2; 20506-EP2308839A1; 20506-EP2314585A1; AB00051906_15; 003A105; A832415; N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethanamide; Q413690; L 579486; Q-200579; Q-200580; SR-01000000065-2; SR-01000000065-4; SR-01000000065-6; BRD-K43457670-001-22-9; BRD-K43457670-001-26-0; Z277559108; Acetazolamide, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; 2,2,2-trideuterio-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide; Acetazolamide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; N - (5 - Sulfamoyl - 1,3, 4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl) acetamide; Acetazolamide for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Acetazolamide, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material; 124442-28-0; 2-Acetamido-5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole; 2-Acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide; 5-Acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide
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Molecular Type
Small molecule
Disease Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 4: low solubility and low permeability
Bioavailability
99% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s)
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 0.65 mL/min/kg
Elimination
90% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3 - 9 hours
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 75.14216 micromolar/kg/day
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.04%
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.37 L/kg
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.64 mg/mL
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Formula
C4H6N4O3S2
PubChem CID
1986
Canonical SMILES
CC(=O)NC1=NN=C(S1)S(=O)(=O)N
InChI
1S/C4H6N4O3S2/c1-2(9)6-3-7-8-4(12-3)13(5,10)11/h1H3,(H2,5,10,11)(H,6,7,9)
InChIKey
BZKPWHYZMXOIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 59-66-5
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:27690
TTD Drug ID
D0E1SW
DrugBank ID
DB00819
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Enhance the Efficacy of This Drug
          Sulforaphane      Brassica oleracea     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression NANOGNB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression POU5F1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression SOX2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model NCI-H727 CVCL_1584 Lung carcinoid tumor Homo sapiens
NCI-H720 CVCL_1583 Lung carcinoid tumor Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model H727 and H720 parental and 3rd generation spheroid cells (3 * 104) were injected into the subcutaneous inguinal fat pad of NOD/SCID mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 AZ + SFN combination were effective in inhibiting tumor cell growth, spheroid formation and in reducing tumor formation in immunocompromised mice.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Carbonic anhydrase I (CA-I)  Molecule Info  [3]
KEGG Pathway Nitrogen metabolism Click to Show/Hide
Pathwhiz Pathway Gastric Acid Production Click to Show/Hide
Pathway Interaction Database C-MYB transcription factor network Click to Show/Hide
Reactome Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen Click to Show/Hide
2 Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide
3 Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
WikiPathways Reversible Hydration of Carbon Dioxide Click to Show/Hide
2 Uptake of Carbon Dioxide and Release of Oxygen by Erythrocytes
3 Uptake of Oxygen and Release of Carbon Dioxide by Erythrocytes
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6792).
Reference 2 Human bronchial carcinoid tumor initiating cells are targeted by the combination of acetazolamide and sulforaphane. BMC Cancer. 2019 Aug 30;19(1):864.
Reference 3 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
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