Drug Details

General Information of the Drug (ID: DR9621)
Name
Methylphenidate
Synonyms
methylphenidate; Methylphenidan; Phenidylate; Concerta; Calocain; Plimasine; Meridil; 113-45-1; Methyl phenidylacetate; Methyl phenidate; Metilfenidato [Italian]; Methylphenidatum; Metilfenidato [INN-Spanish]; Methylphenidatum [INN-Latin]; Methylin; 4311/B Ciba; Methyl phenidyl acetate; methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate; Ritalin; Methyl alpha-phenyl-alpha-(2-piperidyl)acetate; alpha-Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester; 2-Piperidineacetic acid, alpha-phenyl-, methyl ester; Methylphenidate HCl; NCI-C56280; Methyl alpha-phenyl-alpha-2-piperidinylacetate; CHEMBL796; 2-Piperidineacetic acid, .alpha.-phenyl-, methyl ester; Methyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate; Methylfenidan; CHEBI:84276; Metilfenidato; Methylphenidylacetate hydrochloride; .alpha.-Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester; d-methylphenidate HCl; Daytrana (TN); HSDB 3126; Methyl (2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate); EINECS 204-028-6; C 4311; Methylphenidate (USAN/INN); Rubifen; alpha-Phenyl-alpha-(2-piperidyl)acetic acid methyl ester; Adhd patch; DEA No. 1724; Methylphenidate [USAN:INN:BAN]; Cotempla XR-ODT; Ritalin (Salt/Mix); Methylin (Salt/Mix); Ritaline (Salt/Mix); Centedein (Salt/Mix); Centedrin (Salt/Mix); Centedrine (Salt/Mix); SCHEMBL37178; GTPL7236; DTXSID5023299; Jornay PM (a.k.a. HLD200); 40572-71-2; BCP18286; HY-B1091; BDBM50062912; methyl alpha-piperid-2-ylphenylacetate; Methyl phenyl(2-piperidinyl)acetate #; CS-4657; DB00422; NCGC00248587-01; NCGC00248587-03; Methyl .alpha.-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate; SBI-0206868.P001; Methyl .alpha.-phenyl-2-piperidine-acetate; C07196; D04999; phenyl-piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester; AB01563134_01; L001307; Q422112; Methyl .alpha.-phenyl-.alpha.-(2-piperidyl)acetate; Methyl .alpha.-phenyl-.alpha.-2-piperidinylacetate; (S,2S)--Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester; BRD-A19585813-003-01-7
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Molecular Type
Small molecule
Disease Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ICD-11: 6A05] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 50.4-121.5 mcgh/L
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 6.0-15.0 mcg/L
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 8.1-9.4 h
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability
Clearance
The sytemic clearance of drug is 10.2-10.5 L/h/kg
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2.4 hours (in children), and 2.1 hours (in adults)
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 4.28609 micromolar/kg/day
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.85%
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 20 L/kg
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    Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Information and External Link(s) of This Natural Product
Formula
C14H19NO2
PubChem CID
4158
Canonical SMILES
COC(=O)C(C1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3
InChIKey
DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 113-45-1
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:84276
TTD Drug ID
D02PPN
DrugBank ID
DB00422
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Enhance the Efficacy of This Drug
          Morphine      Papaver somniferum     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Increase Antinociceptive effect
                    In-vivo Model Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-270 g were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 A combination therapy using low-dose MPH and MOR may produce a MOR-sparing effect in chronic pain management.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Dopamine transporter (DAT)  Molecule Info  [3]
KEGG Pathway Dopaminergic synapse Click to Show/Hide
2 Parkinson's disease
3 Cocaine addiction
4 Amphetamine addiction
5 Alcoholism
Panther Pathway Adrenaline and noradrenaline biosynthesis Click to Show/Hide
2 Parkinson disease
3 Dopamine receptor mediated signaling pathway
Pathway Interaction Database Alpha-synuclein signaling Click to Show/Hide
Reactome Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters Click to Show/Hide
WikiPathways Monoamine Transport Click to Show/Hide
2 NRF2 pathway
3 Dopaminergic Neurogenesis
4 Parkinsons Disease Pathway
5 Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds
6 Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7236).
Reference 2 Methylphenidate and Morphine Combination Therapy in a Rat Model of Chronic Pain. Anesth Analg. 2020 Feb;130(2):518-524.
Reference 3 Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jun 1;57(11):1410-5.
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