Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP4149)
Name
L-carnitine
Synonyms
L-carnitine; Levocarnitine; 541-15-1; (R)-Carnitine; vitamin BT; Carnitor; (-)-Carnitine; (-)-L-Carnitine; Karnitin; L-(-)-Carnitine; Carnitene; bicarnesine; Levocarnitina; Metina; L-Carnitine inner salt; Levocarnitinum; Carniking; Carnilean; Carnitine, (-)-; L(-)-Carnitine; Levocarnitinum [Latin]; Levocarnitina [Spanish]; Carniking 50; (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; gamma-Trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine; gamma-Trimethyl-ammonium-beta-hydroxybutirate; 1-CARNITINE; (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate; 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt; DRG-0211; UNII-0G389FZZ9M; (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide; R-(-)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate; 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium; L-gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, (R)-; (R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; (3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, inner salt; (L-3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt; CHEMBL1149; Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, L-; Carnicor; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, (R)-; 0G389FZZ9M; (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate; Carnitolo; Carnovis; Carrier; CHEBI:16347; Lefcar; (-)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate; L-carnitine Base; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, (2R)-; 44985-71-9; L(-)-Carnitine, 99+%; Levocarnitine [USAN:INN]; L Carnitine; MFCD00038747; vitamin B T; Carnitor (TN); SMR000112475; carnitine (L-form); gamma-Trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine; (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylamino)butanoic acid; 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate; EINECS 208-768-0; Carnipass; delta-carnitine; Levocarnitine (JAN/USP/INN); L-Carnitin; Malonyl-Carnitin; HSDB 7588; Carnipass 20; Carnitine, L-; L-Carnitine,(S); Car-OH; Levocarnitine [USAN:USP:INN:BAN]; PubChem5901; (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutyrate; bmse000211; L-carnitine (Levocarnitine); SCHEMBL21970; MLS001332549; MLS001332550; ARONIS24315; BIDD:GT0603; 1-Propanaminium,3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-; GTPL4780; DTXSID4023208; HMS2093J13; HMS2267H24; Pharmakon1600-01505437; HY-B0399; (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt; ABP000696; Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide,inner salt; ANW-31960; BDBM50037268; c0049; CC0198; NSC741806; NSC759132; s2388; SBB058880; AKOS005267245; BCP9000830; CCG-213241; DB00583; KS-1422; NSC 759132; NSC-741806; NSC-759132; 6-CHLORO-3-HYDROXY(1H)INDAZOLE; 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid; AS-11974; gamma-L-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine; L-Carnitin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; L-Carnitine inner salt, synthetic, >=98%; N1935; ST50824805; C00318; D02176; (3R)-3-oxidanyl-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate; (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid; AB00919083_05; AB00919083_06; (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate; A829968; (3R)-(-)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; Q20735709; (3R)-(-)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate 99+%; L-carnitine(Levocarnitine)/Carnitor, vitamin BT, Karnitin; UNII-S7UI8SM58A component PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N; Levocarnitine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Levocarnitine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, (2R)- (9CI); Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, L- (8CI); Levocarnitine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
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Species Origin Homo sapiens ...     Click to Show/Hide
Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Disease Nutritional deficiency [ICD-11: 5B55-5B71] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

    Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Information and External Link(s) of This Natural Product
Formula
C7H15NO3
PubChem CID
10917
Canonical SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC(CC(=O)[O-])O
InChI
1S/C7H15NO3/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3/t6-/m1/s1
InChIKey
PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 541-15-1
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:16347
Herb ID
HBIN019752
TTD Drug ID
D0G8SQ
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Losartan      Hypertension     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) in rat.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combined therapy of losartan and L-carnitine affords additive beneficial effects against diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction, possibly via normalizing the dysregulated eNOS and reducing the inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
    β. A List of Drug(s) Whose Resistance can be Reversed by This NP
          Doxorubicin      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing between 250 and 350 g were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 L-carnitine can protect renal impairment functionally, biochemically and histopathologically with a corresponding reduction of oxidative stress.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1B)  Molecule Info  [4]
KEGG Pathway Fatty acid degradation Click to Show/Hide
2 Fatty acid metabolism
3 PPAR signaling pathway
4 AMPK signaling pathway
5 Adipocytokine signaling pathway
6 Glucagon signaling pathway
Pathwhiz Pathway Fatty acid Metabolism Click to Show/Hide
Reactome RORA activates gene expression Click to Show/Hide
2 PPARA activates gene expression
3 Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix
WikiPathways SIDS Susceptibility Pathways Click to Show/Hide
2 Mitochondrial LC-Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
3 Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway
4 PPAR Alpha Pathway
5 Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)
6 Circadian Clock
7 Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation
8 AMPK Signaling
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4780).
Reference 2 Combination therapy with losartan and L-carnitine protects against endothelial dysfunction of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 5;744:10-7.
Reference 3 L-carnitine ameliorates doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats. Nephrology (Carlton). 2006 Aug;11(4):313-20.
Reference 4 Central ghrelin regulates peripheral lipid metabolism in a growth hormone-independent fashion. Endocrinology. 2009 Oct;150(10):4562-74.
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