Drug Details

General Information of the Drug (ID: DR5662)
Name
Pravastatin
Synonyms
pravastatin; 81093-37-0; Pravastatina; Pravastatine; Pravastatinum; Pravachol; Pravastatin acid; PRAVASTATIN SODIUM; UNII-KXO2KT9N0G; KXO2KT9N0G; (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid; CHEMBL1144; (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]heptanoic acid; Eptastatin; CHEBI:63618; Pravastatine [French]; Pravastatinum [Latin]; Pravastatina [Spanish]; Pravastatin [INN:BAN]; (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid; Mevalothin; Pravator (TN); (+)-(3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(S)-2-methylbutyryl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1-naphthyl]heptanoic acid; Pravastatin (INN); CCRIS 7557; C10AA03; 3beta-Hydroxycompactin; KS-5015; SCHEMBL1117; BIDD:GT0773; GTPL2953; DTXSID6023498; BDBM20688; HSDB 8368; HMS3715P11; ACT02637; HY-B0165; ZINC3798763; 1,4-Butanedisulfonicaciddisodiumsalt; LMFA05000695; s5713; AKOS015895229; CCG-221195; DB00175; NCGC00188962-01; NCGC00188962-02; 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-, (1S-(1alpha(betaS*,deltaS*),2alpha,6alpha,8beta(R*),8aalpha))-1-Naphthaleneheptanoic acid; 1-Naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-((2S)-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-, (betaR,deltaR,1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-; 1-Naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-, (1S-(1alpha(betas*,deltas*),2alpha,6alpha,8beta(R*),8aalpha))-; C01844; D08410; 093P370; SR-01000781259; Q1240093; SR-01000781259-2; BRD-K60511616-236-01-4; BRD-K60511616-236-02-2; BRD-K60511616-236-08-9; (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-((1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-((S)-2-methylbutanoyloxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)heptanoic acid
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Molecular Type
Small molecule
Disease Hypertriglyceridaemia [ICD-11: 5C80] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 60-90 mcgh/L
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 30-55 mcg/L
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability
Bioavailability
The bioavailability of drug is 17%
Clearance
4-11 L/min for children
Elimination
From the administered dose of pravastatin, about 70% is eliminated in the feces while about 20% is obtained in the urine
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 1.8 hours
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the liver
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 1.57112 micromolar/kg/day
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.5%
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 0.5 L/kg
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 300 mg/mL
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Formula
C23H36O7
PubChem CID
54687
Canonical SMILES
CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CC(C=C2C1C(C(C=C2)C)CCC(CC(CC(=O)O)O)O)O
InChI
1S/C23H36O7/c1-4-13(2)23(29)30-20-11-17(25)9-15-6-5-14(3)19(22(15)20)8-7-16(24)10-18(26)12-21(27)28/h5-6,9,13-14,16-20,22,24-26H,4,7-8,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t13-,14-,16+,17+,18+,19-,20-,22-/m0/s1
InChIKey
TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 81093-37-0
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:63618
TTD Drug ID
D02RQU
DrugBank ID
DB00175
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Enhance the Efficacy of This Drug
          Cilostazol      Broussonetia     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ICAM1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model For a xenograft model, Ten-week-old LDLR KO mice were fed a high-fat, high cholesterol diet.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination therapy with pravastatin and cilostazol exerts beneficial effects by decreasing atherosclerotic lesion progression and improving the proinflammatory state in the vascular endothelium.
          Gamma tocotrienol      Bixa orellana     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation p38 beta  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Neoplastic mouse +SA mammary epithelial cells Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Treatment with subeffective doses of pravastatin or gamma-tocotrienol alone had no effect, whereas combined treatment of these compounds resulted in a relatively large decrease in intracellular levels of phosphorylated (activated) MAPK, JNK, p38, and Akt.
          Metformin      Galega officinalis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Clinical trial
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Use of statin and metformin provides a synergistic improvement in gastrointestinal malignancies outcomes.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)  Molecule Info  [5]
BioCyc Superpathway of geranylgeranyldiphosphate biosynthesis I (via mevalonate) Click to Show/Hide
2 Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis
3 Mevalonate pathway
KEGG Pathway Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis Click to Show/Hide
2 Metabolic pathways
3 Biosynthesis of antibiotics
4 AMPK signaling pathway
5 Bile secretion
NetPath Pathway IL5 Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 TGF_beta_Receptor Signaling Pathway
3 TSH Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Cholesterol biosynthesis Click to Show/Hide
Pathwhiz Pathway Steroid Biosynthesis Click to Show/Hide
WikiPathways Statin Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)
3 Activation of Gene Expression by SREBP (SREBF)
4 SREBF and miR33 in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis
5 Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway
6 SREBP signalling
7 Cholesterol Biosynthesis
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2953).
Reference 2 Combination therapy with cilostazol and pravastatin improves antiatherogenic effects in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. Cardiovasc Ther. 2018 Dec;36(6):e12476.
Reference 3 Synergistic antiproliferative effects of gamma-tocotrienol and statin treatment on mammary tumor cells. Lipids. 2007 Dec;42(12):1113-23.
Reference 4 Synergistic Benefit of Statin and Metformin in Gastrointestinal Malignancies. J Pharm Pract. 2017 Apr;30(2):185-194.
Reference 5 A randomized, double-blind trial comparing the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin versus pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis. 2002 Jun;162(2):373-9.
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