Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP1886)
Name
Scutellarin
Synonyms
Breviscapin; Scutellarein-7-glucuronide; Breviscapine; Scutellarein-7beta-D-glucuronide; Scutellarein-7beta-D-glucuronoside; Scutellarein-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide; UNII-16IGP0ML9A; SCUTELLAREIN 7-O-GLUCURONIDE; Scutellarein 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide; 16IGP0ML9A; CHEMBL487805; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-((5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid; CHEBI:61278; beta-D-Glucopyranosiduronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl; 116122-36-2; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid; 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid; dengzhanhua; Scutellarine; new-breviscapine; Scutellarin,(S); (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid; MEGxp0_000554; SCHEMBL4211849; Scutellarin, analytical standard; DTXSID60921924; BCP11536; Flavone, 4',5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-, 7-beta-D-glucopyranuronoside; HY-N0751; BDBM50242284; MFCD01861503; s3810; ZINC21992916; AKOS016009652; AC-6073; CCG-269364; CCG-269365; CS-4273; BS-16838; O359; AB0016413; N1753; A12117; W-2538; 740S018; Q410712; Breviscapin;Scutellarein-7-glucuronide;Scutellarin B; Q-100351; 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl hexopyranosiduronic acid; 7-(beta-d-glucopyranuronosyloxy)-5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-chromen-7- yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxy-oxane-2-carboxylic acid; (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-chromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid; 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 7-(.beta.-D-glucopyranuronosyloxy)-5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-; Glucopyranosiduronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl, beta-D-
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Species Origin Scutellaria indica ...     Click to Show/Hide
Scutellaria indica
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Scutellaria
Species: Scutellaria indica
Disease Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90] Investigative [1]
Structure
Click to Download Mol
2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absporption
Caco-2 Permeability
 -6.65
 
MDCK Permeability
 -5.038
 
PAMPA
 +++
 
HIA
 - - -
 
Distribution
VDss
 0.016
 
PPB
 82.8%
 
BBB
 - - -
 
Metabolism
CYP1A2 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP1A2 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C19 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C19 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C9 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C9 substrate
 - - -
CYP2D6 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2D6 substrate
 - - -
CYP3A4 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP3A4 substrate
 - - -
CYP2B6 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2B6 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C8 inhibitor
 ++
HLM Stability
 - - -
 
Excretion
CLplasma
 1.908
 
T1/2
 3.717
Toxicity
DILI
 +++
 
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity
 - - -
 
FDAMDD
 - -
 
Respiratory
 - - -
 
Human Hepatotoxicity
 -
 
Ototoxicity
 +
 
Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity
 -
 
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity
 - - -
 
Hematotoxicity
 - - -
 
Genotoxicity
 ++
 
Tips: 1. For the classification endpoints, the prediction probability values are transformed into six symbols: 0-0.1 (- - -), 0.1-0.3 (- -), 0.3-0.5 (-), 0.5-0.7 (+), 0.7-0.9 (++), and 0.9-1.0 (+++). 2. Additionally, the corresponding relationships of the three labels are as follows: excellent; medium; poor.
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    Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Information and External Link(s) of This Natural Product
Formula
C21H18O12
PubChem CID
185617
Canonical SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI
1S/C21H18O12/c22-8-3-1-7(2-4-8)10-5-9(23)13-11(31-10)6-12(14(24)15(13)25)32-21-18(28)16(26)17(27)19(33-21)20(29)30/h1-6,16-19,21-22,24-28H,(H,29,30)/t16-,17-,18+,19-,21+/m0/s1
InChIKey
DJSISFGPUUYILV-ZFORQUDYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 27740-01-8
Herb ID
HBIN043533
ETMC ID
795
SymMap ID
SMIT00173
TCMSP ID
MOL002931
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Oxaliplatin      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Activity PKM  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model SW480 CVCL_0546 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
HT29 CVCL_A8EZ Colorectal adenocarcinoma Mus musculus
                    In-vivo Model For a xenograft model, 5 * 106 OR-SW480 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right armpit of 4-week-old female immunodeficient nude BALB/c mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Scutellarin resensitizes oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells to oxaliplatin treatment through inhibition of PKM2.
          5-fluorouracil      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Activity CASP6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Scutellarin sensitizes 5FU-evoked colon cancer cell apoptosis through enhanced caspase-6 activation.
    β. A List of Drug(s) Whose Resistance can be Reversed by This NP
          Cisplatin      Bladder cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MET  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
PC-9 CVCL_B260 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
NCI-H1975 CVCL_1511 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model A549/DDP-Luc cells (4*106) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of 4-to-6 week-old female BALB/c nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Scutellarin increases cisplatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy to overcome cisplatin resistance in non-small cell Lung cancer via ERK/p53 and c-met/AKT signaling pathways.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)  Molecule Info  [5]
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)  Molecule Info  [5]
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1)  Molecule Info  [5]
KEGG Pathway MAPK signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 ErbB signaling pathway
3 Ras signaling pathway
4 Rap1 signaling pathway
5 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
6 cAMP signaling pathway
7 Chemokine signaling pathway
8 HIF-1 signaling pathway
9 FoxO signaling pathway
10 Sphingolipid signaling pathway
11 Oocyte meiosis
12 mTOR signaling pathway
13 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
14 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
15 Vascular smooth muscle contraction
16 Dorso-ventral axis formation
17 TGF-beta signaling pathway
18 Axon guidance
19 VEGF signaling pathway
20 Osteoclast differentiation
21 Focal adhesion
22 Adherens junction
23 Gap junction
24 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells
25 Platelet activation
26 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
27 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
28 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
29 T cell receptor signaling pathway
30 B cell receptor signaling pathway
31 Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
32 Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
33 TNF signaling pathway
34 Circadian entrainment
35 Long-term potentiation
36 Neurotrophin signaling pathway
37 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling
38 Glutamatergic synapse
39 Cholinergic synapse
40 Serotonergic synapse
41 Long-term depression
42 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
43 Insulin signaling pathway
44 GnRH signaling pathway
45 Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
46 Estrogen signaling pathway
47 Melanogenesis
48 Prolactin signaling pathway
49 Thyroid hormone signaling pathway
50 Oxytocin signaling pathway
51 Type II diabetes mellitus
52 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
53 Alzheimer's disease
54 Prion diseases
55 Alcoholism
56 Shigellosis
57 Salmonella infection
58 Pertussis
59 Leishmaniasis
60 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
61 Toxoplasmosis
62 Tuberculosis
63 Hepatitis C
64 Hepatitis B
65 Influenza A
66 Pathways in cancer
67 Viral carcinogenesis
68 Proteoglycans in cancer
69 Colorectal cancer
70 Renal cell carcinoma
71 Pancreatic cancer
72 Endometrial cancer
73 Glioma
74 Prostate cancer
75 Thyroid cancer
76 Melanoma
77 Bladder cancer
78 Chronic myeloid leukemia
79 Acute myeloid leukemia
80 Non-small cell lung cancer
81 Central carbon metabolism in cancer
82 Choline metabolism in cancer
83 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
84 Cell cycle
85 Endocytosis
86 Hippo signaling pathway
87 Intestinal immune network for IgA production
88 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
89 Malaria
90 Amoebiasis
91 HTLV-I infection
92 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
93 Rheumatoid arthritis
94 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
95 Dilated cardiomyopathy
96 MicroRNAs in cancer
NetPath Pathway IL5 Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 TCR Signaling Pathway
3 IL3 Signaling Pathway
4 TGF_beta_Receptor Signaling Pathway
5 IL2 Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Angiogenesis
3 Apoptosis signaling pathway
4 B cell activation
5 EGF receptor signaling pathway
6 Endothelin signaling pathway
7 FGF signaling pathway
8 Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway
9 Insulin/IGF pathway-mitogen activated protein kinase kinase/MAP kinase cascade
10 Integrin signalling pathway
11 Interferon-gamma signaling pathway
12 Interleukin signaling pathway
13 PDGF signaling pathway
14 Parkinson disease
15 TGF-beta signaling pathway
16 T cell activation
17 Toll receptor signaling pathway
18 VEGF signaling pathway
19 Ras Pathway
20 Angiotensin II-stimulated signaling through G proteins and beta-arrestin
21 CCKR signaling map ST
Pathwhiz Pathway Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine Click to Show/Hide
2 Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
3 Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells
4 Insulin Signalling
Pathway Interaction Database Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells Click to Show/Hide
2 Endothelins
3 BCR signaling pathway
4 Signaling events mediated by PRL
5 ErbB4 signaling events
6 GMCSF-mediated signaling events
7 Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met)
8 S1P3 pathway
9 EPHB forward signaling
10 Osteopontin-mediated events
11 S1P4 pathway
12 Presenilin action in Notch and Wnt signaling
13 TRAIL signaling pathway
14 CDC42 signaling events
15 Signaling events regulated by Ret tyrosine kinase
16 Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
17 S1P1 pathway
18 Regulation of Telomerase
19 Netrin-mediated signaling events
20 Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes
21 Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
22 Arf6 downstream pathway
23 mTOR signaling pathway
24 IL2-mediated signaling events
25 EGF receptor (ErbB1) signaling pathway
26 Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway
27 Ceramide signaling pathway
28 Integrins in angiogenesis
29 IFN-gamma pathway
30 ErbB1 downstream signaling
31 ATF-2 transcription factor network
32 ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events
33 ALK1 signaling events
34 PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
35 Neurotrophic factor-mediated Trk receptor signaling
36 Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events
37 Retinoic acid receptors-mediated signaling
38 Nongenotropic Androgen signaling
39 CXCR3-mediated signaling events
40 VEGFR1 specific signals
41 Regulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling
42 Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit)
43 Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2
44 Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events
45 Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
46 S1P2 pathway
47 Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway
48 Downstream signaling in na&#xef
49
50 VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium
51 Alpha-synuclein signaling
52 FGF signaling pathway
53 Glypican 1 network
54 IL27-mediated signaling events
55 RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
56 AP-1 transcription factor network
57 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPAR-mediated signaling
58 TGF-beta receptor signaling
59 IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4
60 Class IB PI3K non-lipid kinase events
61 BMP receptor signaling
62 Signaling events mediated by focal adhesion kinase
Reactome MAPK3 (ERK1) activation Click to Show/Hide
2 RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation
3 ISG15 antiviral mechanism
4 ERK/MAPK targets
5 Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation
6 Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence
7 Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)
8 Oncogene Induced Senescence
9 FCERI mediated MAPK activation
10 Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response
11 NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth
12 Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factors
13 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
14 Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling
15 Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling
16 Negative regulation of FGFR3 signaling
17 Negative regulation of FGFR4 signaling
18 RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs
19 RAF/MAP kinase cascade
20 MAP2K and MAPK activation
21 Negative feedback regulation of MAPK pathway
22 Negative regulation of MAPK pathway
23 Signal attenuation
24 Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling
25 Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
26 Growth hormone receptor signaling
27 Platelet degranulation
28 Molecules associated with elastic fibres
29 TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs
30 TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition)
31 Syndecan interactions
32 ECM proteoglycans
33 SMAD2/3 Phosphorylation Motif Mutants in Cancer
34 SMAD2/3 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer
35 TGFBR2 Kinase Domain Mutants in Cancer
36 TGFBR1 KD Mutants in Cancer
37 TGFBR1 LBD Mutants in Cancer
38 Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation
39 MAPK1 (ERK2) activation
40 Golgi Cisternae Pericentriolar Stack Reorganization
41 Recycling pathway of L1
42 CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras
WikiPathways Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Serotonin Receptor 4/6/7 and NR3C Signaling
3 Serotonin Receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling
4 Serotonin HTR1 Group and FOS Pathway
5 TCR Signaling Pathway
6 Hypothetical Network for Drug Addiction
7 EPO Receptor Signaling
8 TGF Beta Signaling Pathway
9 Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton
10 IL-2 Signaling Pathway
11 Insulin Signaling
12 MAPK Cascade
13 IL-4 Signaling Pathway
14 MAPK Signaling Pathway
15 IL-6 signaling pathway
16 Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
17 Kit receptor signaling pathway
18 TCA Cycle Nutrient Utilization and Invasiveness of Ovarian Cancer
19 IL-3 Signaling Pathway
20 Cardiac Hypertrophic Response
21 MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade
22 Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling
23 RAF/MAP kinase cascade
24 Structural Pathway of Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
25 Genes and (Common) Pathways Underlying Drug Addiction
26 Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor
27 PDGF Pathway
28 Alpha 6 Beta 4 signaling pathway
29 Spinal Cord Injury
30 BDNF signaling pathway
31 Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
32 Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
33 Corticotropin-releasing hormone
34 Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway
35 AGE/RAGE pathway
36 TNF alpha Signaling Pathway
37 Prostate Cancer
38 Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
39 TSLP Signaling Pathway
40 IL-9 Signaling Pathway
41 IL17 signaling pathway
42 Alzheimers Disease
43 IL-7 Signaling Pathway
44 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
45 FSH signaling pathway
46 Leptin signaling pathway
47 RANKL/RANK Signaling Pathway
48 IL-1 signaling pathway
49 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
50 Signaling by Insulin receptor
51 Signaling by FGFR
52 RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
53 L1CAM interactions
54 Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling
55 Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling
56 MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
57 Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
58 Osteopontin Signaling
59 IL-5 Signaling Pathway
60 DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent)
61 Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
62 ACE Inhibitor Pathway
63 Cytokines and Inflammatory Response
64 Endochondral Ossification
65 TGF beta Signaling Pathway
66 NRF2 pathway
67 Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway
68 Vitamin D Receptor Pathway
69 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
70 Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells
71 Dopaminergic Neurogenesis
72 Endoderm Differentiation
73 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation
74 Differentiation Pathway
75 Hair Follicle Development: Cytodifferentiation (Part 3 of 3)
76 Syndecan interactions
77 Host Interactions with Influenza Factors
78 Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation
79 Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex
80 Extracellular matrix organization
81 Elastic fibre formation
82 Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis FSGS
83 Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation
84 Adipogenesis
85 Allograft Rejection
86 Cell Cycle
87 TFs Regulate miRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy
88 Vitamin A and Carotenoid Metabolism
89 ErbB Signaling Pathway
90 EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway
91 Apoptosis-related network due to altered Notch3 in ovarian cancer
92 Bladder Cancer
93 Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell
94 Nanoparticle-mediated activation of receptor signaling
95 EBV LMP1 signaling
96 Nifedipine Activity
97 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
98 B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
99 Endothelin Pathways
100 Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway
101 Opioid Signalling
102 Integrin-mediated Cell Adhesion
103 Heart Development
104 Type II diabetes mellitus
105 Angiogenesis
106 Physiological and Pathological Hypertrophy of the Heart
References
Reference 1 Scutellarin inhibits human renal cancer cell proliferation and migration via upregulation of PTEN. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Nov;107:1505-1513.
Reference 2 Scutellarin resensitizes oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin treatment through inhibition of PKM2. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 Mar 17;21:87-97.
Reference 3 Scutellarin sensitizes drug-evoked colon cancer cell apoptosis through enhanced caspase-6 activation. Anticancer Res. 2009 Aug;29(8):3043-7.
Reference 4 Scutellarin Increases Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via ERK/p53 and c-met/AKT Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Feb 13;9:92.
Reference 5 Scutellarin alleviates interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction of infarct rats by inhibiting TGFBeta1 expression and activation of p38-MAPK and ERK1/2. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Feb;162(3):688-700.
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