Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP7293)
Name
Glucosamine
Synonyms
2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucopyranose; 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucopyranoside; 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose; 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Glucopyranose; 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Glucopyranoside; 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Glucose; 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-D-Glucopyranose; 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-D-Glucopyranoside; 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-D-Glucose; 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-Glucopyranose; 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-Glucopyranoside; 2-Deoxy-2-Amino-Glucose; D-GlcN; D-Glucosamine; GlcN; Glucosamine; chitosamine; D-(+)-Glucosamine; 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose; Glucosamine free base; CHEBI:47977; (3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol; 3416-24-8 (free base); 2-Aminoglucose; D-Glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-; (3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triol; Glucosaminum [INN-Latin]; Glucosamina [INN-Spanish]; glucosamine group; GlcNH2; 2-Deoxy-2-aminoglucose; Glucosamine (USAN/INN); Glucosamine [USAN:INN]; bmse000247; Epitope ID:151531; SCHEMBL167831; 2-Amino-2-deoxyhexopyranose #; CHEMBL493287; BBL009288; STK801823; AKOS005622471; (+)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose; DB01296; DB-017621; C00329; D04334; Q327506; J-019472
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Species Origin Homo sapiens ...     Click to Show/Hide
Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Disease Osteoarthritis [ICD-11: FA00-FA05] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

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Formula
C6H13NO5
PubChem CID
439213
Canonical SMILES
C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)N)O)O)O
InChI
1S/C6H13NO5/c7-3-5(10)4(9)2(1-8)12-6(3)11/h2-6,8-11H,1,7H2/t2-,3-,4-,5-,6?/m1/s1
InChIKey
MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 3416-24-8
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:47977
Herb ID
HBIN028036
TTD Drug ID
D07NSU
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Tacrolimus      Transplant rejection     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model NC/Nga mice Induction of AD using Df body ointment was performed.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination therapy of glucosamine plus FK-506 was more synergistic efficacy than single-modality treatment with either alone to improve the development of established dermatitis in NC/Nga mice model.
    β. A List of Drug(s) Whose Adverse Effect can be Decreased by This NP
          Risedronate      Bone paget disease     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Rabbits quarantine OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and partial medial meniscectomy on one knee.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Glucosamine sulfate and risedronate treatment alone or in combination may be able to stop cartilage swelling. The risedronate treatment could partially stop the fibrillation and the inflammation of synovial membrane as well as modify the orientation of trabeculae in healthy and in osteoarthritic knees.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)  Molecule Info  [4]
KEGG Pathway MAPK signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
3 NF-kappa B signaling pathway
4 Apoptosis
5 Osteoclast differentiation
6 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
7 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
8 Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
9 Hematopoietic cell lineage
10 TNF signaling pathway
11 Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels
12 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
13 Type I diabetes mellitus
14 Alzheimer's disease
15 Prion diseases
16 Salmonella infection
17 Pertussis
18 Legionellosis
19 Leishmaniasis
20 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
21 African trypanosomiasis
22 Malaria
23 Amoebiasis
24 Tuberculosis
25 Measles
26 Influenza A
27 Herpes simplex infection
28 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
29 Rheumatoid arthritis
30 Graft-versus-host disease
NetPath Pathway Leptin Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 IL5 Signaling Pathway
3 IL1 Signaling Pathway
4 IL2 Signaling Pathway
5 IL3 Signaling Pathway
6 TGF_beta_Receptor Signaling Pathway
7 Wnt Signaling Pathway
8 TCR Signaling Pathway
9 TNFalpha Signaling Pathway
Pathway Interaction Database IL27-mediated signaling events Click to Show/Hide
2 IL12-mediated signaling events
3 IL1-mediated signaling events
4 IFN-gamma pathway
5 IL23-mediated signaling events
6 Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
Reactome Interleukin-1 signaling Click to Show/Hide
2 Interleukin-1 processing
3 CLEC7A/inflammasome pathway
WikiPathways Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Monoamine Transport
3 SIDS Susceptibility Pathways
4 TCR Signaling Pathway
5 Type II interferon signaling (IFNG)
6 Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
7 Cytokines and Inflammatory Response
8 MAPK Signaling Pathway
9 Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways
10 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
11 IL1 and megakaryotyces in obesity
12 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation
13 Spinal Cord Injury
14 Allograft Rejection
15 Alzheimers Disease
16 Leptin signaling pathway
17 IL-1 signaling pathway
18 Interleukin-1 signaling
19 Folate Metabolism
20 Vitamin B12 Metabolism
21 Selenium Micronutrient Network
22 Serotonin Transporter Activity
23 Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
24 NOD pathway
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4535).
Reference 2 Therapeutic effects of combination using glucosamine plus tacrolimus (FK-506) on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Scand J Immunol. 2012 May;75(5):471-8.
Reference 3 Effects of glucosamine and risedronate alone or in combination in an experimental rabbit model of osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res. 2014 Apr 26;10:97.
Reference 4 Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-mediated IL-8 production in prostate cancer cells by MAPK attenuation. J Cell Biochem. 2009 Oct 1;108(2):489-98.
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