Drug Details

General Information of the Drug (ID: DR6736)
Name
Thalidomide
Synonyms
Algosediv; Asmadion; Asmaval; Bonbrain; Bonbrrin; Calmore; Calmorex; Contergan; Corronarobetin; Distaval; Distaxal; Distoval; Ectiluran; Enterosediv; Gastrinide; Glupan; Glutanon; Grippex; Hippuzon; Imidene; Isomin; Kedavon; Kevadon; Neaufatin; Neosedyn; Neosydyn; Nerosedyn; Neufatin; Neurodyn; Neurosedin; Neurosedym; Neurosedyn; Nevrodyn; Nibrol; Noctosediv; Noxodyn; Pangul; Pantosediv; Polygripan; Profarmil; Psycholiquid; Psychotablets; Quetimid; Quietoplex; Sandormin; Sedalis; Sedimide; Sedin; Sedisperil; Sedoval; Shinnibrol; Sleepan; Slipro; Softenil; Softenon; Synovir; Talargan; Talidomida; Talidomide; Talimol; Talismol; Talizer; Telagan; Telargan; Telargean; Tensival; Thaled; Thalidomidum; Thalin; Thalinette; Thalomid; Thalomide; Theophilcholine; Valgis; Valgraine; Yodomin; Celgene Brand of Thalidomide; Talidomide [DCIT]; Thalidomide Celgene; Thalidomide Pharmion; Asidon 3; ENMD 0995; IN1061; Thalidomine USP26; Alpha-Phthalimidoglutarimide; E-217; Imida-lab; Imidan (peyta); N-Phthalimidoglutamic acid imide; N-Phthaloylglutamimide; N-Phthalylglutamic acid imide; Poly-Giron; Predni-Sediv; Pro-Bam M; Pro-ban M; Sedalis sedi-lab; Shin-naito S; THALIDOMIDE (AIDS INITIATIVE); Talidomida [INN-Spanish]; Thaled (TN); Thalidomide (soluble form); Thalidomidum [INN-Latin]; Thalomid (TM); Thalomid (TN); Thalomid, Thalidomide; Alpha-N-Phthalylglutaramide; Thalidomide [USAN:INN:BAN]; Alpha-(N-Phthalimido)glutarimide; N-Phthalyl-glutaminsaeure-imid; N-Phthalyl-glutaminsaeure-imid [German]; Thalidomide (+ and-); Thalidomide (JAN/USP/INN); N-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl)phthalimide; (+)-Thalidomide; (+-)-Thalidomide; (+/-)-THALIDOMIDE; (inverted question mark)-Thalidomide; 2,6-Dioxo-3-phthalimidopiperidine; 3-Phthalimidoglutarimide
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Molecular Type
Small molecule
Disease Multiple myeloma [ICD-11: 2A83] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 3.4 mL/min/kg
Elimination
0.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 4.7 hours
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 22.12781 micromolar/kg/day
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.4%
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.95 L/kg
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.0525 mg/mL
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    Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Information and External Link(s) of This Natural Product
Formula
C13H10N2O4
PubChem CID
5426
Canonical SMILES
C1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1N2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O
InChI
1S/C13H10N2O4/c16-10-6-5-9(11(17)14-10)15-12(18)7-3-1-2-4-8(7)13(15)19/h1-4,9H,5-6H2,(H,14,16,17)
InChIKey
UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 50-35-1
TTD Drug ID
D0U7GK
DrugBank ID
DB01041
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Enhance the Efficacy of This Drug
          Arsenic trioxide      Realgar and orpiment     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BECN1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression IL6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression MEK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression mTOR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression PIK3CB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression PTEN  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression SQSTM1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression ULK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression VEGFC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model KG-1 CVCL_0374 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
U-937 CVCL_0007 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Arsenic trioxide and thalidomide combination induces autophagy along with apoptosis in acute myeloid cell lines.
          Curcumin      Hellenia speciosa     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model KG-1 CVCL_0374 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
U-937 CVCL_0007 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-xL, Leading to Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)  Molecule Info  [4]
KEGG Pathway MAPK signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
3 NF-kappa B signaling pathway
4 Sphingolipid signaling pathway
5 mTOR signaling pathway
6 Apoptosis
7 TGF-beta signaling pathway
8 Osteoclast differentiation
9 Antigen processing and presentation
10 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
11 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
12 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
13 Hematopoietic cell lineage
14 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
15 T cell receptor signaling pathway
16 Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
17 TNF signaling pathway
18 Adipocytokine signaling pathway
19 Type II diabetes mellitus
20 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
21 Type I diabetes mellitus
22 Alzheimer's disease
23 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
24 Pertussis
25 Legionellosis
26 Leishmaniasis
27 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
28 African trypanosomiasis
29 Malaria
30 Toxoplasmosis
31 Amoebiasis
32 Tuberculosis
33 Hepatitis C
34 Hepatitis B
35 Influenza A
36 HTLV-I infection
37 Herpes simplex infection
38 Proteoglycans in cancer
39 Asthma
40 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
41 Systemic lupus erythematosus
42 Rheumatoid arthritis
43 Allograft rejection
44 Graft-versus-host disease
45 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
46 Dilated cardiomyopathy
NetPath Pathway TCR Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 IL2 Signaling Pathway
3 IL3 Signaling Pathway
4 IL4 Signaling Pathway
5 Leptin Signaling Pathway
6 RANKL Signaling Pathway
7 IL1 Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Apoptosis signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Wnt signaling pathway
Pathwhiz Pathway Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells Click to Show/Hide
Pathway Interaction Database IL27-mediated signaling events Click to Show/Hide
2 Canonical NF-kappaB pathway
3 Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
4 Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
5 Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I
6 TNF receptor signaling pathway
7 Ceramide signaling pathway
8 amb2 Integrin signaling
9 RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
10 IL23-mediated signaling events
11 HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
12 Caspase Cascade in Apoptosis
13 Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
14 Downstream signaling in na&#xef
15
Reactome Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation Click to Show/Hide
2 TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling
3 Regulation of TNFR1 signaling
4 TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway
5 TNFR1-mediated ceramide production
6 TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway
7 TNF signaling
WikiPathways Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Monoamine Transport
3 SIDS Susceptibility Pathways
4 TGF Beta Signaling Pathway
5 Cytokines and Inflammatory Response
6 MAPK Signaling Pathway
7 EV release from cardiac cells and their functional effects
8 FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
9 Apoptosis-related network due to altered Notch3 in ovarian cancer
10 Cardiac Hypertrophic Response
11 Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation
12 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
13 Apoptosis
14 Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis
15 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
16 Adipogenesis
17 Allograft Rejection
18 TNF alpha Signaling Pathway
19 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
20 Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
21 Folate Metabolism
22 MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
23 Vitamin B12 Metabolism
24 Selenium Micronutrient Network
25 Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
26 Matrix Metalloproteinases
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7327).
Reference 2 Arsenic Trioxide and Thalidomide Combination Induces Autophagy Along with Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Cell Lines. Cell J. 2020 Jul;22(2):193-202.
Reference 3 Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-xL, Leading to Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020 Jan 15;14:185-194.
Reference 4 Efficacy of different thalidomide regimens for patients with multiple myeloma and its relationship with TNF-alpha level. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Dec;16(6):1312-5.
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