Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP5766)
Name
Ginsenoside Rh2
Synonyms
(20S)-ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2; Ginsenoside-Rh2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside; CHEBI:77147; UNII-0JU44A5KWG; 0JU44A5KWG; (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; C36H62O8; 20S-Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside-RH2; (S)Ginsenoside-Rh2; (20R)Ginsenoside Rh2; CHEMBL1783834; DTXSID70999457; 112246-15-8; 67400-17-3; HY-N0605; BDBM50023457; Ginsenoside Rh2, analytical standard; MFCD00800712; s9023; s9036; ZINC72129809; AKOS037514675; CCG-270259; CCG-270261; CS-3835; X1143; C22128; 12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl hexopyranoside; 214G332; Q-100827; Q27146703; 3beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-3beta,20beta-diol; beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl
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Species Origin Panax ginseng ...     Click to Show/Hide
Panax ginseng
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Apiales
Family: Araliaceae
Genus: Panax
Species: Panax ginseng
Disease Prostate cancer [ICD-11: 2C82] Investigative [1]
Structure
Click to Download Mol
2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absporption
Caco-2 Permeability
 -5.981
 
MDCK Permeability
 -5.146
 
PAMPA
 +++
 
HIA
 - - -
 
Distribution
VDss
 -0.5
 
PPB
 78.4%
 
BBB
 - - -
 
Metabolism
CYP1A2 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP1A2 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C19 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C19 substrate
 -
CYP2C9 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C9 substrate
 - - -
CYP2D6 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2D6 substrate
 - - -
CYP3A4 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP3A4 substrate
 - -
CYP2B6 inhibitor
 +++
CYP2B6 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C8 inhibitor
 ++
HLM Stability
 - -
 
Excretion
CLplasma
 2.363
 
T1/2
 1.735
Toxicity
DILI
 -
 
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity
 - - -
 
FDAMDD
 - - -
 
Respiratory
 - -
 
Human Hepatotoxicity
 ++
 
Ototoxicity
 +++
 
Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity
 +++
 
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity
 - - -
 
Hematotoxicity
 +
 
Genotoxicity
 - -
 
Tips: 1. For the classification endpoints, the prediction probability values are transformed into six symbols: 0-0.1 (- - -), 0.1-0.3 (- -), 0.3-0.5 (-), 0.5-0.7 (+), 0.7-0.9 (++), and 0.9-1.0 (+++). 2. Additionally, the corresponding relationships of the three labels are as follows: excellent; medium; poor.
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    Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Information and External Link(s) of This Natural Product
Formula
C36H62O8
PubChem CID
119307
Canonical SMILES
CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C
InChI
1S/C36H62O8/c1-20(2)10-9-14-36(8,42)21-11-16-35(7)27(21)22(38)18-25-33(5)15-13-26(32(3,4)24(33)12-17-34(25,35)6)44-31-30(41)29(40)28(39)23(19-37)43-31/h10,21-31,37-42H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,33-,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1
InChIKey
CKUVNOCSBYYHIS-IRFFNABBSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 78214-33-2
Herb ID
HBIN027764
ETMC ID
4649
SymMap ID
SMIT00601
TCMSP ID
MOL005344
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Sodium selenite      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sodium selenite and G-Rh2 combination have a synergistic effect on cell growth inhibition (57%) compared with sodium selenite (25%) and G-Rh2 alone (28%) after 24 hours of treatment.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Apoptosis mediating surface antigen FAS (FAS)  Molecule Info  [3]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)  Molecule Info  [4]
Estrogen receptor (ESR)  Molecule Info  [5]
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)  Molecule Info  [5]
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)  Molecule Info  [5]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN)  Molecule Info  [3]
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (GAB1)  Molecule Info  [6]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)  Molecule Info  [7]
Nucleoporin Nup62 (NUP62)  Molecule Info  [7]
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR)  Molecule Info  [6]
Zinc finger protein GLIS3 (WDR7)  Molecule Info  [8]
BioCyc Fatty acid biosynthesis initiation Click to Show/Hide
2 Fatty acid elongation -- saturated
3 Palmitate biosynthesis
KEGG Pathway MAPK signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 ErbB signaling pathway
3 Ras signaling pathway
4 Rap1 signaling pathway
5 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
6 cAMP signaling pathway
7 Chemokine signaling pathway
8 HIF-1 signaling pathway
9 FoxO signaling pathway
10 Sphingolipid signaling pathway
11 Oocyte meiosis
12 mTOR signaling pathway
13 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
14 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
15 Vascular smooth muscle contraction
16 Dorso-ventral axis formation
17 TGF-beta signaling pathway
18 Axon guidance
19 VEGF signaling pathway
20 Osteoclast differentiation
21 Focal adhesion
22 Adherens junction
23 Gap junction
24 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells
25 Platelet activation
26 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
27 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
28 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
29 T cell receptor signaling pathway
30 B cell receptor signaling pathway
31 Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
32 Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
33 TNF signaling pathway
34 Circadian entrainment
35 Long-term potentiation
36 Neurotrophin signaling pathway
37 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling
38 Glutamatergic synapse
39 Cholinergic synapse
40 Serotonergic synapse
41 Long-term depression
42 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
43 Insulin signaling pathway
44 GnRH signaling pathway
45 Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
46 Estrogen signaling pathway
47 Melanogenesis
48 Prolactin signaling pathway
49 Thyroid hormone signaling pathway
50 Oxytocin signaling pathway
51 Type II diabetes mellitus
52 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
53 Alzheimer's disease
54 Prion diseases
55 Alcoholism
56 Shigellosis
57 Salmonella infection
58 Pertussis
59 Leishmaniasis
60 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
61 Toxoplasmosis
62 Tuberculosis
63 Hepatitis C
64 Hepatitis B
65 Influenza A
66 Pathways in cancer
67 Viral carcinogenesis
68 Proteoglycans in cancer
69 Colorectal cancer
70 Renal cell carcinoma
71 Pancreatic cancer
72 Endometrial cancer
73 Glioma
74 Prostate cancer
75 Thyroid cancer
76 Melanoma
77 Bladder cancer
78 Chronic myeloid leukemia
79 Acute myeloid leukemia
80 Non-small cell lung cancer
81 Central carbon metabolism in cancer
82 Choline metabolism in cancer
83 Cell cycle
84 p53 signaling pathway
85 Apoptosis
86 Wnt signaling pathway
87 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
88 Huntington's disease
89 Measles
90 HTLV-I infection
91 Herpes simplex infection
92 Epstein-Barr virus infection
93 Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
94 MicroRNAs in cancer
95 Basal cell carcinoma
96 Small cell lung cancer
97 Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption
98 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
99 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
100 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
101 Type I diabetes mellitus
102 African trypanosomiasis
103 Autoimmune thyroid disease
104 Allograft rejection
105 Graft-versus-host disease
106 Endocytosis
107 Fatty acid biosynthesis
108 Metabolic pathways
109 Fatty acid metabolism
110 AMPK signaling pathway
NetPath Pathway IL5 Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 TCR Signaling Pathway
3 FSH Signaling Pathway
4 EGFR1 Signaling Pathway
5 RANKL Signaling Pathway
6 IL2 Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Angiogenesis
3 Apoptosis signaling pathway
4 B cell activation
5 EGF receptor signaling pathway
6 Endothelin signaling pathway
7 FGF signaling pathway
8 Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway
9 Insulin/IGF pathway-mitogen activated protein kinase kinase/MAP kinase cascade
10 Integrin signalling pathway
11 Interferon-gamma signaling pathway
12 Interleukin signaling pathway
13 PDGF signaling pathway
14 Parkinson disease
15 TGF-beta signaling pathway
16 T cell activation
17 Toll receptor signaling pathway
18 VEGF signaling pathway
19 Ras Pathway
20 Angiotensin II-stimulated signaling through G proteins and beta-arrestin
21 CCKR signaling map ST
22 Huntington disease
23 Wnt signaling pathway
24 p53 pathway
25 P53 pathway feedback loops 1
26 p53 pathway by glucose deprivation
27 p53 pathway feedback loops 2
28 FAS signaling pathway
Pathwhiz Pathway Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Click to Show/Hide
2 Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine
3 Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
4 Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells
5 Insulin Signalling
Pathway Interaction Database Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells Click to Show/Hide
2 Endothelins
3 BCR signaling pathway
4 Signaling events mediated by PRL
5 ErbB4 signaling events
6 GMCSF-mediated signaling events
7 Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met)
8 S1P3 pathway
9 EPHB forward signaling
10 Osteopontin-mediated events
11 S1P4 pathway
12 Presenilin action in Notch and Wnt signaling
13 TRAIL signaling pathway
14 CDC42 signaling events
15 Signaling events regulated by Ret tyrosine kinase
16 Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
17 S1P1 pathway
18 Regulation of Telomerase
19 Netrin-mediated signaling events
20 Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes
21 Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
22 Arf6 downstream pathway
23 mTOR signaling pathway
24 IL2-mediated signaling events
25 EGF receptor (ErbB1) signaling pathway
26 Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway
27 Ceramide signaling pathway
28 Integrins in angiogenesis
29 IFN-gamma pathway
30 ErbB1 downstream signaling
31 ATF-2 transcription factor network
32 ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events
33 ALK1 signaling events
34 PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
35 Neurotrophic factor-mediated Trk receptor signaling
36 Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events
37 Retinoic acid receptors-mediated signaling
38 Nongenotropic Androgen signaling
39 CXCR3-mediated signaling events
40 VEGFR1 specific signals
41 Regulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling
42 Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit)
43 Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2
44 Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events
45 Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
46 S1P2 pathway
47 Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway
48 Downstream signaling in na&#xef
49
50 VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium
51 Alpha-synuclein signaling
52 FGF signaling pathway
53 Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class III
54 Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation
55 LKB1 signaling events
56 Direct p53 effectors
57 p75(NTR)-mediated signaling
58 AP-1 transcription factor network
59 Hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation of HIF-1-alpha
60 Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta
61 Aurora A signaling
62 BARD1 signaling events
63 p53 pathway
64 PLK3 signaling events
65 Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling
66 Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class II
67 Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling
68 FOXM1 transcription factor network
69 Validated nuclear estrogen receptor alpha network
70 FOXA1 transcription factor network
71 p73 transcription factor network
72 FAS (CD95) signaling pathway
73 HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
74 Caspase Cascade in Apoptosis
75 Validated transcriptional targets of TAp63 isoforms
76 HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network
77 Beta3 integrin cell surface interactions
78 Signaling events mediated by TCPTP
79 SHP2 signaling
80 VEGF and VEGFR signaling network
81 Notch-mediated HES/HEY network
82 Validated transcriptional targets of deltaNp63 isoforms
83 Class IB PI3K non-lipid kinase events
84 BMP receptor signaling
85 Signaling events mediated by focal adhesion kinase
Reactome MAPK3 (ERK1) activation Click to Show/Hide
2 RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation
3 ISG15 antiviral mechanism
4 ERK/MAPK targets
5 Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation
6 Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence
7 Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)
8 Oncogene Induced Senescence
9 FCERI mediated MAPK activation
10 Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response
11 NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth
12 Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factors
13 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
14 Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling
15 Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling
16 Negative regulation of FGFR3 signaling
17 Negative regulation of FGFR4 signaling
18 RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs
19 RAF/MAP kinase cascade
20 MAP2K and MAPK activation
21 Negative feedback regulation of MAPK pathway
22 Negative regulation of MAPK pathway
23 Signal attenuation
24 Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling
25 Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
26 Growth hormone receptor signaling
27 Activation of NOXA and translocation to mitochondria
28 Activation of PUMA and translocation to mitochondria
29 Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation
30 Formation of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF)
31 DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence
32 Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1
33 TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes
34 Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks
35 Stabilization of p53
36 Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
37 Nuclear signaling by ERBB4
38 Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway
39 FasL/ CD95L signaling
40 Neurophilin interactions with VEGF and VEGFR
41 VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization
42 Integrin cell surface interactions
43 EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse
44 VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway
45 VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation
46 ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression
47 Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)
48 Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis
49 MAPK1 (ERK2) activation
50 Golgi Cisternae Pericentriolar Stack Reorganization
51 Recycling pathway of L1
52 CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Ras
WikiPathways Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Serotonin Receptor 4/6/7 and NR3C Signaling
3 Serotonin Receptor 2 and ELK-SRF/GATA4 signaling
4 Serotonin HTR1 Group and FOS Pathway
5 TCR Signaling Pathway
6 Hypothetical Network for Drug Addiction
7 EPO Receptor Signaling
8 TGF Beta Signaling Pathway
9 Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton
10 IL-2 Signaling Pathway
11 Insulin Signaling
12 MAPK Cascade
13 IL-4 Signaling Pathway
14 MAPK Signaling Pathway
15 IL-6 signaling pathway
16 Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
17 Kit receptor signaling pathway
18 TCA Cycle Nutrient Utilization and Invasiveness of Ovarian Cancer
19 IL-3 Signaling Pathway
20 Cardiac Hypertrophic Response
21 MAP kinase activation in TLR cascade
22 Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling
23 RAF/MAP kinase cascade
24 Structural Pathway of Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
25 Genes and (Common) Pathways Underlying Drug Addiction
26 Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor
27 PDGF Pathway
28 Alpha 6 Beta 4 signaling pathway
29 Spinal Cord Injury
30 BDNF signaling pathway
31 Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
32 Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
33 Corticotropin-releasing hormone
34 Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway
35 AGE/RAGE pathway
36 TNF alpha Signaling Pathway
37 Prostate Cancer
38 Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
39 TSLP Signaling Pathway
40 IL-9 Signaling Pathway
41 IL17 signaling pathway
42 Alzheimers Disease
43 IL-7 Signaling Pathway
44 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
45 FSH signaling pathway
46 Leptin signaling pathway
47 RANKL/RANK Signaling Pathway
48 IL-1 signaling pathway
49 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
50 Signaling by Insulin receptor
51 Signaling by FGFR
52 RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
53 L1CAM interactions
54 Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling
55 Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling
56 MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
57 Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
58 Osteopontin Signaling
59 IL-5 Signaling Pathway
60 DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent)
61 DNA Damage Response
62 ErbB Signaling Pathway
63 Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
64 G1 to S cell cycle control
65 Sandbox Pathway
66 Wnt Signaling Pathway and Pluripotency
67 TGF beta Signaling Pathway
68 Copper homeostasis
69 Bladder Cancer
70 Mammary gland development pathway - Involution (Stage 4 of 4)
71 Pre-NOTCH Expression and Processing
72 Apoptosis
73 ATM Signaling Pathway
74 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
75 Retinoblastoma (RB) in Cancer
76 Gastric cancer network 2
77 Metastatic brain tumor
78 Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway
79 Integrated Cancer pathway
80 Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
81 Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
82 Cell Cycle
83 Cell Cycle Checkpoints
84 Folate Metabolism
85 TP53 Network
86 Fluoropyrimidine Activity
87 miRNAs involved in DNA damage response
88 miRNA Regulation of DNA Damage Response
89 AMPK Signaling
90 Estrogen signaling pathway
91 Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway
92 Estrogen Receptor Pathway
93 Signaling by ERBB4
94 JAK/STAT
95 miR-targeted genes in muscle cell - TarBase
96 Nuclear Receptors
97 Oxidative Stress
98 Transcriptional activation by NRF2
99 NRF2 pathway
100 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
101 Mesodermal Commitment Pathway
102 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
103 Quercetin and Nf-kB/ AP-1 Induced Cell Apoptosis
104 Arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway
105 Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70
106 FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
107 Adipogenesis
108 Allograft Rejection
109 Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
110 Focal Adhesion
111 Nifedipine Activity
112 Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation
113 Signaling by VEGF
114 Angiogenesis
115 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
116 Liver X Receptor Pathway
117 Activation of Gene Expression by SREBP (SREBF)
118 SREBF and miR33 in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis
119 SREBP signalling
120 Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors
121 Integration of energy metabolism
122 Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
123 Vitamin A and Carotenoid Metabolism
124 EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway
125 Apoptosis-related network due to altered Notch3 in ovarian cancer
126 Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell
127 Nanoparticle-mediated activation of receptor signaling
128 EBV LMP1 signaling
129 B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
130 Endothelin Pathways
131 Opioid Signalling
132 Integrin-mediated Cell Adhesion
133 Heart Development
134 Type II diabetes mellitus
135 Physiological and Pathological Hypertrophy of the Heart
References
Reference 1 Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth through suppression of microRNA-4295 that activates CDKN1A. Cell Prolif. 2018 Jun;51(3):e12438.
Reference 2 Combined Effect of Sodium Selenite and Ginsenoside Rh2 on HCT116 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Arch Iran Med. 2016 Jan;19(1):23-9.
Reference 3 p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 2014 Mar;5(3):224-34.
Reference 4 Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and paraptosis-like cell death in colorectal cancer cells through activation of p53. Cancer Lett. 2011 Feb 28;301(2):185-92.
Reference 5 Calycosin promotes proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive cells via estrogen receptors and ERK1/2 activation in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 2011 Sep 28;308(2):144-51.
Reference 6 Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization. FASEB J. 2018 Jul;32(7):3782-3791.
Reference 7 Calycosin suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the activation of p62/Nrf2-linked heme oxygenase 1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(Pt A):695-704.
Reference 8 Calycosin inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cells through WDR7-7-GPR30 Signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Nov 2;36(1):153.
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