Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP3528)
Name
Magnolol
Synonyms
Magnolol; 528-43-8; 5,5'-Diallyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol; 5,5'-Diallyl-2,2'-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-Bichavicol; 5,5'-Diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl; NSC 293099; Dehydrodichavicol; UNII-001E35HGVF; 4-allyl-2-(5-allyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)phenol; MFCD00016658; MLS001048917; 001E35HGVF; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)-4-prop-2-enylphenol; CHEBI:6643; 5,5'-di(prop-2-en-1-yl)biphenyl-2,2'-diol; 5,5'-Diallylbiphenyl-2,2'-diol; [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2,2'-diol, 5,5'-di-2-propenyl-; SMR000387108; (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2,2'-diol, 5,5'-di-2-propenyl-; 2'-Bichavicol; SR-01000758206; Kopnolia; HSDB 7686; Magnolol,(S); PubChem19035; UPCMLD-DP037; cid_72300; SCHEMBL132477; REGID_for_CID_72300; CHEMBL180920; ZINC1645; DTXSID0044076; UPCMLD-DP037:001; BDBM78304; HMS2269N09; HMS3651O18; AMY40661; BCP28276; HY-N0163; AC-931; BBL027818; CM0085; NSC293099; s2321; STK801955; AKOS005266409; ACN-035415; CCG-208588; CS-5021; DS-1284; MCULE-1351244567; NSC-293099; SMP2_000086; Magnolol, >=95% (HPLC), from plant; NCGC00161609-01; NCGC00161609-02; AK-72952; O906; SY016075; AB0016717; D3971; FT-0628104; N1359; SW219728-1; 5,5`-Diallyl-[1,1`-biphenyl]-2,2`-diol; A10551; C10651; J10186; S-2836; 528M438; 5,5'-Di-2-propenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol; Q-100598; Q6732002; SR-01000758206-3; SR-01000758206-4; BRD-K26168087-001-01-4; Magnolol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2,2'-diol, 5,5'-di-2-propen-1-yl-; 2-(2-oxidanyl-5-prop-2-enyl-phenyl)-4-prop-2-enyl-phenol; 5,5'-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol; 2-[2-hydroxy-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol; 5,5 inverted exclamation mark -Diallyl-2,2 inverted exclamation mark -biphenyldiol
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Species Origin Magnolia officinalis ...     Click to Show/Hide
Magnolia officinalis
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Magnoliaceae
Genus: Magnolia
Species: Magnolia officinalis
Disease Cancer cachexia [ICD-11: MG20] Investigative [1]
Structure
Click to Download Mol
2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absporption
Caco-2 Permeability
 -4.611
 
MDCK Permeability
 -4.672
 
PAMPA
 - - -
 
HIA
 - - -
 
Distribution
VDss
 0.342
 
PPB
 92.4%
 
BBB
 - - -
 
Metabolism
CYP1A2 inhibitor
 +++
CYP1A2 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C19 inhibitor
 +++
CYP2C19 substrate
 -
CYP2C9 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C9 substrate
 +++
CYP2D6 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2D6 substrate
 +++
CYP3A4 inhibitor
 +++
CYP3A4 substrate
 - - -
CYP2B6 inhibitor
 +++
CYP2B6 substrate
 - - -
CYP2C8 inhibitor
 +++
HLM Stability
 - - -
 
Excretion
CLplasma
 13.041
 
T1/2
 1.349
Toxicity
DILI
 -
 
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity
 +
 
FDAMDD
 +
 
Respiratory
 +++
 
Human Hepatotoxicity
 -
 
Ototoxicity
 - -
 
Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity
 - -
 
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity
 +
 
Hematotoxicity
 - - -
 
Genotoxicity
 -
 
Tips: 1. For the classification endpoints, the prediction probability values are transformed into six symbols: 0-0.1 (- - -), 0.1-0.3 (- -), 0.3-0.5 (-), 0.5-0.7 (+), 0.7-0.9 (++), and 0.9-1.0 (+++). 2. Additionally, the corresponding relationships of the three labels are as follows: excellent; medium; poor.
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Formula
C18H18O2
PubChem CID
72300
Canonical SMILES
C=CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)CC=C)O
InChI
1S/C18H18O2/c1-3-5-13-7-9-17(19)15(11-13)16-12-14(6-4-2)8-10-18(16)20/h3-4,7-12,19-20H,1-2,5-6H2
InChIKey
VVOAZFWZEDHOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 528-43-8
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:6643
Herb ID
HBIN034250
SymMap ID
SMIT01500
TCMSP ID
MOL000210
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CFLAR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MCL1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TRAIL-R2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Caki Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Magnolol enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ATF4-dependent DR5 upregulation and downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins.
          Sorafenib      Renal cell carcinoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model SK-HEP-1 CVCL_0525 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep 3B2.1-7 CVCL_0326 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 AKT inhibition is associated with magnolol-enhanced the therapeutic effect of sorafenib in HCC.
          Azoles      Trypanosomiasis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model Candida albicans Microorganism model Candida albicans
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Magnolol synergizes with azoles for targeting of C. albicans by inducing a higher intracellular content of antifungals, by tapping into the competitive effect of ABC transporter Cdr1p substrates, and enhancing the effect by targeting of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.
    β. A List of Drug(s) Whose Adverse Effect can be Decreased by This NP
          Oxaliplatin      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 MG could prevent the development and progression of mucositis induced by oxaliplatin through multipathway.
    γ. A List of Drug(s) Whose Resistance can be Reversed by This NP
          Cisplatin      Bladder cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [6]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model LL/2 (LLC1) CVCL_4358 Malignant tumors Mus musculus
CT26 CVCL_7254 Mouse colon adenocarcinoma Mus musculus
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Magnolol attenuates cisplatin-induced muscle wasting by M2c macrophage activation.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)  Molecule Info  [7]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)  Molecule Info  [7]
Protein kinase B alpha (AKT1)  Molecule Info  [3]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)  Molecule Info  [7]
Tyrosine kinase receptor Erbb2 (HER2)  Molecule Info  [8]
KEGG Pathway MAPK signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 ErbB signaling pathway
3 Ras signaling pathway
4 Rap1 signaling pathway
5 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
6 cAMP signaling pathway
7 Chemokine signaling pathway
8 HIF-1 signaling pathway
9 FoxO signaling pathway
10 Sphingolipid signaling pathway
11 mTOR signaling pathway
12 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
13 AMPK signaling pathway
14 Apoptosis
15 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
16 VEGF signaling pathway
17 Osteoclast differentiation
18 Focal adhesion
19 Tight junction
20 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells
21 Platelet activation
22 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
23 Jak-STAT signaling pathway
24 T cell receptor signaling pathway
25 B cell receptor signaling pathway
26 Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
27 Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
28 TNF signaling pathway
29 Neurotrophin signaling pathway
30 Cholinergic synapse
31 Dopaminergic synapse
32 Insulin signaling pathway
33 Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
34 Estrogen signaling pathway
35 Prolactin signaling pathway
36 Thyroid hormone signaling pathway
37 Adipocytokine signaling pathway
38 Glucagon signaling pathway
39 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
40 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
41 Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
42 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
43 Toxoplasmosis
44 Tuberculosis
45 Hepatitis C
46 Hepatitis B
47 Measles
48 Influenza A
49 HTLV-I infection
50 Epstein-Barr virus infection
51 Pathways in cancer
52 Proteoglycans in cancer
53 Colorectal cancer
54 Renal cell carcinoma
55 Pancreatic cancer
56 Endometrial cancer
57 Glioma
58 Prostate cancer
59 Melanoma
60 Chronic myeloid leukemia
61 Acute myeloid leukemia
62 Small cell lung cancer
63 Non-small cell lung cancer
64 Central carbon metabolism in cancer
65 Choline metabolism in cancer
66 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
67 NF-kappa B signaling pathway
68 TGF-beta signaling pathway
69 Antigen processing and presentation
70 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
71 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
72 Hematopoietic cell lineage
73 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
74 Type II diabetes mellitus
75 Type I diabetes mellitus
76 Alzheimer's disease
77 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
78 Pertussis
79 Legionellosis
80 Leishmaniasis
81 African trypanosomiasis
82 Malaria
83 Amoebiasis
84 Herpes simplex infection
85 Asthma
86 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
87 Systemic lupus erythematosus
88 Rheumatoid arthritis
89 Allograft rejection
90 Graft-versus-host disease
91 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
92 Dilated cardiomyopathy
93 Calcium signaling pathway
94 Adherens junction
95 MicroRNAs in cancer
96 Bladder cancer
97 Leukocyte transendothelial migration
98 Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
99 Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
100 Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels
101 Prion diseases
102 Salmonella infection
NetPath Pathway TSH Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 TCR Signaling Pathway
3 IL2 Signaling Pathway
4 IL3 Signaling Pathway
5 IL4 Signaling Pathway
6 Leptin Signaling Pathway
7 RANKL Signaling Pathway
8 IL1 Signaling Pathway
9 ID Signaling Pathway
10 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
11 TNFalpha Signaling Pathway
12 IL5 Signaling Pathway
13 TGF_beta_Receptor Signaling Pathway
14 Wnt Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Angiogenesis Click to Show/Hide
2 Apoptosis signaling pathway
3 EGF receptor signaling pathway
4 Endothelin signaling pathway
5 FGF signaling pathway
6 Huntington disease
7 Hypoxia response via HIF activation
8 Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway
9 Insulin/IGF pathway-protein kinase B signaling cascade
10 Interleukin signaling pathway
11 PI3 kinase pathway
12 T cell activation
13 VEGF signaling pathway
14 p53 pathway
15 Ras Pathway
16 p53 pathway by glucose deprivation
17 p53 pathway feedback loops 2
18 CCKR signaling map ST
19 Wnt signaling pathway
20 Cadherin signaling pathway
21 Alzheimer disease-presenilin pathway
22 Plasminogen activating cascade
Pathwhiz Pathway Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine Click to Show/Hide
2 Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
3 Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells
4 Insulin Signalling
5 Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling
6 Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism
Pathway Interaction Database Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling Click to Show/Hide
2 Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells
3 Endothelins
4 BCR signaling pathway
5 LPA receptor mediated events
6 Insulin Pathway
7 IL4-mediated signaling events
8 TCR signaling in na&#xef
9
10 Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling
11 CD40/CD40L signaling
12 Signaling events mediated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met)
13 Signaling events mediated by PTP1B
14 S1P3 pathway
15 Coregulation of Androgen receptor activity
16 Reelin signaling pathway
17 Integrin-linked kinase signaling
18 TCR signaling in na&#xef
19
20 Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
21 FAS (CD95) signaling pathway
22 Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling
23 Regulation of Telomerase
24 FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks
25 Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network
26 mTOR signaling pathway
27 CXCR4-mediated signaling events
28 IGF1 pathway
29 FoxO family signaling
30 IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K
31 Ceramide signaling pathway
32 p75(NTR)-mediated signaling
33 E-cadherin signaling in the nascent adherens junction
34 amb2 Integrin signaling
35 Integrins in angiogenesis
36 IFN-gamma pathway
37 ErbB1 downstream signaling
38 ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling events
39 IL6-mediated signaling events
40 E-cadherin signaling in keratinocytes
41 Nephrin/Neph1 signaling in the kidney podocyte
42 Retinoic acid receptors-mediated signaling
43 IL8- and CXCR2-mediated signaling events
44 Signaling events mediated by the Hedgehog family
45 Nongenotropic Androgen signaling
46 Hedgehog signaling events mediated by Gli proteins
47 Caspase Cascade in Apoptosis
48 CXCR3-mediated signaling events
49 VEGFR1 specific signals
50 Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit)
51 Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2
52 a6b1 and a6b4 Integrin signaling
53 Aurora A signaling
54 Insulin-mediated glucose transport
55 Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt
56 IL8- and CXCR1-mediated signaling events
57 HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network
58 p53 pathway
59 Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma
60 VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium
61 FGF signaling pathway
62 IL27-mediated signaling events
63 Canonical NF-kappaB pathway
64 Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
65 Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I
66 TNF receptor signaling pathway
67 RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
68 IL23-mediated signaling events
69 HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
70 Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
71 Downstream signaling in na&#xef
72 ErbB4 signaling events
73 ErbB receptor signaling network
74 Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression
75 Osteopontin-mediated events
76 Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2
77 Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation
78 Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events
79 AP-1 transcription factor network
80 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPAR-mediated signaling
81 Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events
82 Regulation of nuclear beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription
83 IL12-mediated signaling events
84 IL1-mediated signaling events
Reactome Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria Click to Show/Hide
2 GPVI-mediated activation cascade
3 PIP3 activates AKT signaling
4 Translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane
5 Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation
6 AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol
7 AKT phosphorylates targets in the nucleus
8 Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network
9 eNOS activation
10 AKT-mediated inactivation of FOXO1A
11 Integrin alphaIIb beta3 signaling
12 Deactivation of the beta-catenin transactivating complex
13 CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling
14 CTLA4 inhibitory signaling
15 G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma
16 KSRP (KHSRP) binds and destabilizes mRNA
17 VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability
18 TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes
19 Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer
20 Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation
21 TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling
22 Regulation of TNFR1 signaling
23 TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway
24 TNFR1-mediated ceramide production
25 TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway
26 TNF signaling
27 SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling
28 PLCG1 events in ERBB2 signaling
29 GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling
30 PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling
31 Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer
32 Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse
33 RAF/MAP kinase cascade
34 Collagen degradation
35 Degradation of the extracellular matrix
36 Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
37 Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures
38 EPH-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells
39 Interleukin-1 signaling
40 Interleukin-1 processing
41 CLEC7A/inflammasome pathway
WikiPathways Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent)
3 TCR Signaling Pathway
4 Notch Signaling Pathway
5 EPO Receptor Signaling
6 IL-2 Signaling Pathway
7 Insulin Signaling
8 Endochondral Ossification
9 EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway
10 IL-4 Signaling Pathway
11 TGF beta Signaling Pathway
12 IL-6 signaling pathway
13 Wnt Signaling Pathway Netpath
14 Copper homeostasis
15 Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells
16 Apoptosis-related network due to altered Notch3 in ovarian cancer
17 IL-3 Signaling Pathway
18 Cardiac Hypertrophic Response
19 Translocation of GLUT4 to the Plasma Membrane
20 Regulation of mRNA Stability by Proteins that Bind AU-rich Elements
21 PIP3 activates AKT signaling
22 Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor
23 T-Cell Receptor and Co-stimulatory Signaling
24 Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis FSGS
25 Apoptosis
26 Alpha 6 Beta 4 signaling pathway
27 BDNF signaling pathway
28 Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
29 Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
30 Corticotropin-releasing hormone
31 Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway
32 AGE/RAGE pathway
33 TNF alpha Signaling Pathway
34 B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
35 Prostate Cancer
36 Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
37 TSLP Signaling Pathway
38 IL17 signaling pathway
39 IL-7 Signaling Pathway
40 Regulation of Microtubule Cytoskeleton
41 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
42 FSH signaling pathway
43 Leptin signaling pathway
44 TSH signaling pathway
45 RANKL/RANK Signaling Pathway
46 Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway
47 SREBP signalling
48 Integrated Cancer pathway
49 IL-1 signaling pathway
50 Metabolism of nitric oxide
51 Integrin-mediated Cell Adhesion
52 TFs Regulate miRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy
53 MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
54 Angiogenesis
55 TOR Signaling
56 Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
57 AMPK Signaling
58 Androgen receptor signaling pathway
59 IL-5 Signaling Pathway
60 Monoamine Transport
61 SIDS Susceptibility Pathways
62 TGF Beta Signaling Pathway
63 Cytokines and Inflammatory Response
64 MAPK Signaling Pathway
65 EV release from cardiac cells and their functional effects
66 FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
67 Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation
68 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
69 Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis
70 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
71 Adipogenesis
72 Allograft Rejection
73 Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
74 Folate Metabolism
75 Vitamin B12 Metabolism
76 Selenium Micronutrient Network
77 Matrix Metalloproteinases
78 ErbB Signaling Pathway
79 Focal Adhesion
80 Bladder Cancer
81 Signaling by ERBB2
82 miR-targeted genes in muscle cell - TarBase
83 Semaphorin interactions
84 IL1 and megakaryotyces in obesity
85 Mammary gland development pathway - Involution (Stage 4 of 4)
86 Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
87 Degradation of collagen
88 Spinal Cord Injury
89 Osteopontin Signaling
90 Type II interferon signaling (IFNG)
91 Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
92 Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways
93 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
94 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation
95 Alzheimers Disease
96 Interleukin-1 signaling
97 Serotonin Transporter Activity
98 NOD pathway
References
Reference 1 Magnolol inhibits myotube atrophy induced by cancer cachexia through myostatin signaling pathway in vitro. J Nat Med. 2020 Sep;74(4):741-749.
Reference 2 Magnolol Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of TRAIL through DR5 Upregulation and Downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 Proteins in Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2020 Oct 8;25(19):4591.
Reference 3 Protein Kinase B Inactivation Is Associated with Magnolol-Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Dec 30;12(1):87.
Reference 4 Synergistic activity of magnolol with azoles and its possible antifungal mechanism against Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol. 2015 Apr;118(4):826-38.
Reference 5 Protective effect of magnolol on oxaliplatin-induced intestinal injury in mice. Phytother Res. 2019 Apr;33(4):1161-1172.
Reference 6 Magnolol Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Wasting by M2c Macrophage Activation. Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 7;11:77.
Reference 7 Magnolol exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a rat model of intracerebral haemorrhage. Brain Behav Immun. 2019 Mar;77:161-167.
Reference 8 Magnolol down-regulates HER2 gene expression, leading to inhibition of HER2-mediated metastatic potential in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2011 Dec 1;311(1):11-9.
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