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Molecule Details

General Information of the Molecule
Name
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
Synonyms
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1; Proto-oncogene c-ErbB-1; HER1; ERBB1; ERBB
Gene Name
EGFR
Gene ID
1956
Sequence
MRPSGTAGAALLALLAALCPASRALEEKKVCQGTSNKLTQLGTFEDHFLSLQRMFNNCEV
VLGNLEITYVQRNYDLSFLKTIQEVAGYVLIALNTVERIPLENLQIIRGNMYYENSYALA
VLSNYDANKTGLKELPMRNLQEILHGAVRFSNNPALCNVESIQWRDIVSSDFLSNMSMDF
QNHLGSCQKCDPSCPNGSCWGAGEENCQKLTKIICAQQCSGRCRGKSPSDCCHNQCAAGC
TGPRESDCLVCRKFRDEATCKDTCPPLMLYNPTTYQMDVNPEGKYSFGATCVKKCPRNYV
VTDHGSCVRACGADSYEMEEDGVRKCKKCEGPCRKVCNGIGIGEFKDSLSINATNIKHFK
NCTSISGDLHILPVAFRGDSFTHTPPLDPQELDILKTVKEITGFLLIQAWPENRTDLHAF
ENLEIIRGRTKQHGQFSLAVVSLNITSLGLRSLKEISDGDVIISGNKNLCYANTINWKKL
FGTSGQKTKIISNRGENSCKATGQVCHALCSPEGCWGPEPRDCVSCRNVSRGRECVDKCN
LLEGEPREFVENSECIQCHPECLPQAMNITCTGRGPDNCIQCAHYIDGPHCVKTCPAGVM
GENNTLVWKYADAGHVCHLCHPNCTYGCTGPGLEGCPTNGPKIPSIATGMVGALLLLLVV
ALGIGLFMRRRHIVRKRTLRRLLQERELVEPLTPSGEAPNQALLRILKETEFKKIKVLGS
GAFGTVYKGLWIPEGEKVKIPVAIKELREATSPKANKEILDEAYVMASVDNPHVCRLLGI
CLTSTVQLITQLMPFGCLLDYVREHKDNIGSQYLLNWCVQIAKGMNYLEDRRLVHRDLAA
RNVLVKTPQHVKITDFGLAKLLGAEEKEYHAEGGKVPIKWMALESILHRIYTHQSDVWSY
GVTVWELMTFGSKPYDGIPASEISSILEKGERLPQPPICTIDVYMIMVKCWMIDADSRPK
FRELIIEFSKMARDPQRYLVIQGDERMHLPSPTDSNFYRALMDEEDMDDVVDADEYLIPQ
QGFFSSPSTSRTPLLSSLSATSNNSTVACIDRNGLQSCPIKEDSFLQRYSSDPTGALTED
SIDDTFLPVPEYINQSVPKRPAGSVQNPVYHNQPLNPAPSRDPHYQDPHSTAVGNPEYLN
TVQPTCVNSTFDSPAHWAQKGSHQISLDNPDYQQDFFPKEAKPNGIFKGSTAENAEYLRV
APQSSEFIGA
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Function
Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Plays a role in enhancing learning and memory performance (By similarity).
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Uniprot ID
EGFR_HUMAN
EC Number
EC: 2.7.10.1
Pfam
PF00757 ; PF14843 ; PF07714 ; PF01030
KEGG ID
hsa1956
TTD ID
T59328
A List of Drug Combination(s) Able to Regulate This Molecule
          Expression Regulation     Click to Show/Hide the Drug Combination Regulating This Molecule
                 Down-regulation     Click to Show/Hide
                    Drug Combination 1 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [1]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Flavopiridol   NP Info  + Depsipeptide   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 2 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Apigenin   NP Info  + HA14-1   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 3 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Genistein   NP Info  + Tamoxifen   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 4 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Celastrol   NP Info  + Lapatinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 5 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Epigallocatechin gallate   NP Info  + SU5416   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 6 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [6]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Flavopiridol   NP Info  + Trastuzumab   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 7 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [7]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Ursolic acid   NP Info  + Capecitabine   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 8 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [8]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Cyclopamine   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 9 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [9]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Silibinin   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 10 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [10]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Progesterone   NP Info  + Temozolomide   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 11 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [11]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Cyclopamine + Docetaxel + Gefitinib
    Click to Show/Hide the Each NP or Drug Structure of This Combination
Cyclopamine   NP Info     Drug Info 
   Drug Info 
                    Drug Combination 12 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [12]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Capsaicin   NP Info  + Sorafenib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 13 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [9]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Silibinin   NP Info  + Erlotinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 14 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [13]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Biochanin A   NP Info  + Temozolomide   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 15 Down-regulating the Expression of This Molecule [14]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Epigallocatechin gallate   NP Info  + Tamoxifen   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
          Phosphorylation Regulation     Click to Show/Hide the Drug Combination Regulating This Molecule
                 Down-regulation     Click to Show/Hide
                    Drug Combination 1 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [15]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Epigallocatechin gallate   NP Info  + Raloxifene   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 2 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [16]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Bufalin   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 3 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [17]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Epigallocatechin gallate   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 4 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [18]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Elemene   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 5 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [19]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Triptolide   NP Info  + Lcotinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 6 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [20]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Celastrol   NP Info  + Erlotinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 7 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [21]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Curcumin   NP Info  + Dasatinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 8 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [20]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Celastrol   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 9 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [22]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Curcumin   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 10 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [23]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Genistein   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 11 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [24]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Shikonin   NP Info  + Erlotinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 12 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [25]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Triptolide   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 13 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [26]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Honokiol   NP Info  + 5-fluorouracil   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 14 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [27]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Apigenin   NP Info  + Cetuximab   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 15 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [28]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Curcumin   NP Info  + Cetuximab   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 16 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [29]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Cucurbitacin D   NP Info  + Gefitinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 17 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [30]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Epigallocatechin gallate   NP Info  + Erlotinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 18 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [31]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Bufalin   NP Info  + Afatinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 19 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [32]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Genistein   NP Info  + Cetuximab   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
                    Drug Combination 20 Down-regulating the Phosphorylation of This Molecule [19]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Name Triptolide   NP Info  + Erlotinib   Drug Info 
                    Structure +
Natural Product(s) of This Target
1 Toosendanin  NP Info  Investigative Melia azedarach
Drug(s) of This Target
1 Abivertinib  Drug Info  Phase 1 Lung cancer
2 Afatinib  Drug Info  Approved Lung cancer
3 AG1478  Drug Info  Investigative Diabetic retinopathy
4 Cetuximab  Drug Info  Approved Colorectal cancer
5 Dithiothreitol  Drug Info  Investigative Cholestasis
6 Erlotinib  Drug Info  Approved Lung cancer
7 Gefitinib  Drug Info  Approved Lung cancer
8 Lapatinib  Drug Info  Approved Breast cancer
9 Nitroglycerin  Drug Info  Approved Diabetic foot ulcer
10 Sorafenib  Drug Info  Approved Renal cell carcinoma
References
Reference 1 Enhancement of depsipeptide-mediated apoptosis of lung or esophageal cancer cells by flavopiridol: activation of the mitochondria-dependent death-signaling pathway. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 May;125(5):1132-42.
Reference 2 Bcl-2 inhibitor and apigenin worked synergistically in human malignant neuroblastoma cell lines and increased apoptosis with activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 30;388(4):705-10.
Reference 3 Tamoxifen and genistein synergistically down-regulate signal transduction and proliferation in estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-435 cells. Anticancer Res. May-Jun 1999;19(3A):1657-62.
Reference 4 Downregulation and subcellular distribution of HER2 involved in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell apoptosis induced by lapatinib/celastrol combination. J BUON. May-Jun 2017;22(3):644-651.
Reference 5 SU5416 and EGCG work synergistically and inhibit angiogenic and survival factors and induce cell cycle arrest to promote apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE2 cells. Neurochem Res. 2011 Aug;36(8):1383-96.
Reference 6 Flavopiridol and trastuzumab synergistically inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells: association with selective cooperative inhibition of cyclin D1-dependent kinase and Akt signaling pathways. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Jul;1(9):695-706.
Reference 7 Ursolic acid inhibits growth and metastasis of human colorectal cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways: chemosensitization with capecitabine. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 15;18(18):4942-53.
Reference 8 Cytotoxic effects induced by a combination of cyclopamine and gefitinib, the selective hedgehog and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling inhibitors, in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2006 Feb 15;118(4):1022-31.
Reference 9 Combined treatment with silibinin and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors overcomes drug resistance caused by T790M mutation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Dec;9(12):3233-43.
Reference 10 Targeting Glioma Initiating Cells with A combined therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Nov;157:266-274.
Reference 11 Combined targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor and hedgehog signaling by gefitinib and cyclopamine cooperatively improves the cytotoxic effects of docetaxel on metastatic prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Mar;6(3):967-78.
Reference 12 Capsaicin enhances the antitumor activity of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and mouse xenograft tumors through increased ERK signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018 Mar;39(3):438-448.
Reference 13 Combination of Biochanin A and Temozolomide Impairs Tumor Growth by Modulating Cell Metabolism in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Anticancer Res. 2019 Jan;39(1):57-66.
Reference 14 Tamoxifen and epigallocatechin gallate are synergistically cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2004 Oct;15(9):889-97.
Reference 15 The combination of raloxifene and epigallocatechin gallate suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Life Sci. 2008 Apr 23;82(17-18):943-8.
Reference 16 [Effect of bufalin combined gefitinib on lung cancer H1975 cells and its mechanisms research]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2013 Aug;33(8):1081-5.
Reference 17 Epigallocatechin gallate sensitizes CAL-27 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells to the anti-metastatic effects of gefitinib (Iressa) via synergistic suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Oncol Rep. 2012 Nov;28(5):1799-807.
Reference 18 Beta-Elemene Synergizes With Gefitinib to Inhibit Stem-Like Phenotypes and Progression of Lung Cancer via Down-Regulating EZH2. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Nov 30;9:1413.
Reference 19 Combined Treatment with Triptolide and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Synergistically Enhances Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer H1975 Cells but Not H1299 Cells through EGFR/Akt Pathway. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2019 Aug 1;67(8):864-871.
Reference 20 Celastrol improves the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-TKIs for non-small-cell lung cancer by overcoming EGFR T790M drug resistance. Anticancer Drugs. 2018 Sep;29(8):748-755.
Reference 21 Curcumin enhances dasatinib-induced inhibition of growth and transformation of colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2011 Feb 15;128(4):951-61.
Reference 22 Curcumin overcome primary gefitinib resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer cells through inducing autophagy-related cell death. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Jun 13;38(1):254.
Reference 23 Synergistic inhibitory effects by the combination of gefitinib and genistein on NSCLC with acquired drug-resistance in vitro and in vivo. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Apr;39(4):4971-9.
Reference 24 Shikonin and its derivatives inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and synergistically kill glioblastoma cells in combination with erlotinib. Int J Cancer. 2015 Sep 15;137(6):1446-56.
Reference 25 Triptolide inhibits epithelial?mesenchymal transition and induces apoptosis in gefitinib?resistant lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2020 May;43(5):1569-1579.
Reference 26 Synergistic effect of honokiol and 5-fluorouracil on apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med. 2017 Mar;46(3):201-207.
Reference 27 Apigenin enhances the antitumor effects of cetuximab in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting EGFR signaling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jun;102:681-688.
Reference 28 Synergistic inhibitory effects of cetuximab and curcumin on human cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cells through intrinsic apoptotic process. Oncol Lett. 2018 Nov;16(5):6323-6330.
Reference 29 Cucurbitacin D Overcomes Gefitinib Resistance by Blocking EGF Binding to EGFR and Inducing Cell Death in NSCLCs. Front Oncol. 2020 Feb 18;10:62.
Reference 30 Synergistic inhibition of head and neck tumor growth by green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Int J Cancer. 2008 Sep 1;123(5):1005-14.
Reference 31 [Bufalin reverses hepatocyte growth factor-induced resistance to afatinib in H1975 lung cancer cells]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2015 Jul;37(7):490-6.
Reference 32 Combined cetuximab and genistein treatment shows additive anti-cancer effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2010 Jun 1;292(1):54-63.
Reference 33 Toosendanin demonstrates promising antitumor efficacy in osteosarcoma by targeting STAT3. Oncogene. 2017 Nov 23;36(47):6627-6639.
Reference 34 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
Reference 35 Boehringer Ingelheim. Product Development Pipeline. June 2 2009.
Reference 36 Use of a pharmacophore model for the design of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors: isoflavones and 3-phenyl-4(1H)-quinolones. J Med Chem. 1999 Mar 25;42(6):1018-26.
Reference 37 Molecular inhibition of angiogenesis and metastatic potential in human squamous cell carcinomas after epidermal growth factor receptor blockade. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 May;1(7):507-14.
Reference 38 Use of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and icotinib in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review. Curr Oncol. 2015 Jun;22(3):e183-215.
Reference 39 Quantitative prediction of fold resistance for inhibitors of EGFR. Biochemistry. 2009 Sep 8;48(35):8435-48.
Reference 40 Gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839) and new epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Br J Cancer. 2004 Feb 9;90(3):566-72.
Reference 41 Triple negative breast cancer--current status and prospective targeted treatment based on HER1 (EGFR), TOP2A and C-MYC gene assessment. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2009 Mar;153(1):13-7.
Reference 42 Emerging drugs for diabetic foot ulcers. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 Nov;11(4):709-24.
Reference 43 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current treatment options and future directions. J Nasopharyng Carcinoma, 2014, 1(16): e16.
Cite NPCDR
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Correspondence

X. N. Sun, Y. T. Zhang, Y. Zhou, X. C. Lian, L. L. Yan, T. Pan, T. Jin, H. Xie, Z. M. Liang, W. Q. Qiu, J. X. Wang, Z. R. Li, F. Zhu*, X. B. Sui*. NPCDR: natural product-based drug combination and its disease-specific molecular regulation. Nucleic Acids Research. 50(D1): 1324-1333 (2020). PMID: 34664659

Prof. Feng ZHU  (zhufeng@zju.edu.cn)

College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China


Prof. Xinbing SUI  (hzzju@hznu.edu.cn)

School of Pharmacy and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China