Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP6905)
Name
Curcumin
Synonyms
Diferuloylmethane; Natural yellow 3; Turmeric yellow; Turmeric; Curcuma; Kacha haldi; Gelbwurz; Indian saffron; Curcumin I; Souchet; Halud; Halad; Haidr; Haldar; Merita earth; Yellow Ginger; Terra Merita; Yellow Root; Safran d'Inde; Yo-Kin; Golden seal; Curcuma oil; Orange Root; Oils, curcuma; CI Natural Yellow 3; Curcumine; Hydrastis; Indian turmeric; Yellow puccoon; Turmeric extract; Diferaloylmethane; Kurkumin [Czech]; (1E,6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione; Tumeric yellow; Turmeric oil
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Species Origin Hellenia speciosa ...     Click to Show/Hide
Hellenia speciosa
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Costaceae
Genus: Hellenia
Species: Hellenia speciosa
Curcuma kwangsiensis
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Curcuma
Species: Curcuma kwangsiensis
Curcuma longa
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Curcuma
Species: Curcuma longa
Curcuma phaeocaulis
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Curcuma
Species: Curcuma phaeocaulis
Curcuma wenyujin
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Curcuma
Species: Curcuma wenyujin
Disease Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Phase 3 [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

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Formula
C21H20O6
PubChem CID
969516
Canonical SMILES
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O
InChI
1S/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+
InChIKey
VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 458-37-7
Herb ID
HBIN021985
ETMC ID
3258
SymMap ID
SMIT01361
TCMSP ID
MOL000090
TTD Drug ID
D07SDQ
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Bacillus Calmette-Guerin      Bladder cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CCND1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression COX-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Activity p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TRAIL-R2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MBT-2 CVCL_4660 Bladder transitional cell carcinoma Mus musculus
253J-BV CVCL_7937 Bladder carcinoma Homo sapiens
KU-7 CVCL_4714 Bladder cancer Homo sapiens
RT4v6 CVCL_T027 Bladder carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Animal models were constructed by subcutaneously injecting MBT-2 cells into both flanks of C3H female mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin potentiates the antitumor effect of BCG through the inhibition of NF-kappaB and induction of TRAIL receptors in bladder cancer cells.
          Nimustine hydrochloride      Brain cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression COX-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation PIK3CB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
Up-regulation Ratio of Bax to Bcl-2
Down-regulation NF-KappaB translocation
                    In-vitro Model U-118MG CVCL_0633 Glioma Homo sapiens
U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
U-251MG CVCL_0021 Astrocytoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin potentiates the potent antitumor activity of ACNU against glioblastoma by suppressing the PI3K/AKT and NF-kappaB/COX-2 signaling pathways.
          Temozolomide      Brain cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression mTOR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction ROS generation
                    In-vitro Model U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide by simultaneously generating ROS and disrupting AKT/mTOR signaling.
          Letrozole      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model RL-952 cells at logarithmic growth phase were suspended to a density of 5*107/mL and subcutaneously injected into ovariectomized nude mice through the dorsal skin of each side (0.1 mL/mouse, containing 5*106 cells).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Treatment with either letrozole or curcumin could inhibit the xenografted endometrial tumor growth via inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Combination of letrozole and curcumin further strengthened the inhibitory effect on tumor growth.
          Recombinant vaccinia Neu vaccine      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [6]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression IFNG  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression IL1B  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Infiltration of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes
                    In-vivo Model 6 to 8 weeks old BALB-neuT mice were subcutaneously inoculated in the right flank with 0.2 mL Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 1*106 SALTO-5 cells.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combined rV-neuT+CUR treatment was more effective at reducing tumor growth and increasing mouse survival, anti-Neu humoral response, and IFN-gamma/IL-2 T-cell release in vitro than the individual treatment.
          Tamoxifen      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [7]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CCND1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression EZH2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression FAK  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IKKA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IKKB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation mTOR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MYC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation S6K1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation SRC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of curcumin and tamoxifen resulted in a synergistic survival inhibition in MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9 cells.
          PP242      Colon cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [8]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression RICTOR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Lysosomal membrane permeabilization
                    In-vitro Model Caki-1 CVCL_0234 Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
ACHN CVCL_1067 Papillary renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
A-498 CVCL_1056 Renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combined PP242 and curcumin treatment could induce autophagy-mediated cell death by reducing the expression of Rictor and Akt in renal carcinoma cells.
          Capecitabine      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [9]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CCND1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression COX-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CXCR4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression ICAM1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MYC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PECAM1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
HT-29 CVCL_0320 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SW620 CVCL_0547 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model A total of 2*105 HCT 116 cells in 20 uL PBS were injected into the cecum of male athymic nu/nu mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin sensitizes CRC to the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of capecitabine by suppressing NF-kappaB cell signaling pathway.
          Cetuximab      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [10]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Activity CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Activity CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation EGFR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model CAL-27 CVCL_1107 Tongue squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
CAR CVCL_4140 Human oral cancer Carassius auratus
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Co-treatment with cetuximab and curcumin exerts synergistic oral anticancer effects on CAR cells through the suppression of the EGFR signaling by regulation of the MAPK pathway.
          1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3      Congenital alopecia     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [11]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CYP24A1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CYP27B1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression GPX1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression ITGB3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MBCDF Breast cancer Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The concomitant administration of calcitriol with curcumin synergistically promoted anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo.
          PD98059      Gastrointestinal stromal tumor     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [12]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression microRNA 21  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression PTEN  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MGC-803 CVCL_5334 Gastric mucinous adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin regulates the miR-21/PTEN/Akt pathway and acts in synergy with PD98059 to induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells.
          Gefitinib      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [13]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation EGFR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MEK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MEK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PSG1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation S6K1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model H157 CVCL_2458 Mucosa squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
NCI-H1299 CVCL_0060 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
PC-9 CVCL_B260 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model H157 and H1299 cells (6*106 cells per mouse) were subcutaneously grafted into the right flanks of six-week-old female athymic nude BALBL/c mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination treatment with curcumin and gefitinib markedly downregulated EGFR activity through suppressing Sp1 and blocking interaction of Sp1 and HADC1, and markedly suppressed receptor tyrosine kinases as well as ERK/MEK and AKT/S6K pathways in the resistant NSCLC cells.
          Sulfinosine      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [14]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression GSTP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression TOP2A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phase
                    In-vitro Model NCI-H460 CVCL_0459 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulfinosine and curcumin overcome MDR in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line (NSCLC) by regulating the expression of MDR-related genes mdr1, gst-pi and topo Iialpha.
          TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [15]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAK  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CCND1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1B  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Activity p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PRAP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TRAIL-R1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TRAIL-R2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model LNCaP cells (2*106 cells as a 50% suspension in matrigel) in a final volume of 0.1 mL were injected subcutaneously at right flank of Balb c nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin inhibited growth of LNCaP xenografts in nude mice by inducing apoptosis (TUNEL staining) and inhibiting proliferation (PCNA and Ki67 staining), and sensitized these tumors to undergo apoptosis by TRAIL via regulation of death receptors and members of Bcl-2 family and inactivation of NFkappaB.
          TRAIL/Apo2L      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [16]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP8  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A2780 CVCL_0134 Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SK-OV-3 CVCL_0532 Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
ES-2 CVCL_3509 Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combined curcumin and Apo2L/TRAIL treatment results in enhanced induction of apoptotic cell death. Curcumin and Apo2L/TRAIL together can activate both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis.
          ABT-888      Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [17]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression H2AFX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression RAD51  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
U2OS CVCL_0042 Osteosarcoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model 2*106 human MDA-MB-231 cells were prepared with 200 uL of PBS/matrigel gel (1:1 ratio) and injected subcutaneously into the flanks of athymic nude mice (two-site injections).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin enhances poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast cancer cells.
          Bortezomib      Mantle cell lymphoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [18]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Phosphorylation JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Increase NFKBIA stabilization
                    In-vitro Model NCI-H929 CVCL_1600 Plasma cell myeloma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin enhance the cytotoxicity of PS-341 by interacting with NF-kappaB, at least in part, through JNK mechanism.
          Cytarabine      Mantle cell lymphoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [19]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed AML patients Acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin down regulates MDR genes. Curcumin can be used as MDR modulator as well as chemosensitizer in combination with cytarabine to reduce the cytotoxicity profile as IC50 value decreases when treated in combination.
          Imatinib      Mantle cell lymphoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [20]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model SUP-B15 CVCL_0103 B acute lymphoblastic leukemia Homo sapiens
THP-1 CVCL_0006 Childhood acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens
ARAC-8C CVCL_GZ09 T acute lymphoblastic leukemia Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Female BALB/c null mice were injected with 107 SUP-B15 cells via tail vein.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin potentiates the anti-leukemia effects of imatinib by downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and BCR/ABL gene expression in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
          Anti-PD-1 antibody      Melanoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [21]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression F2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression IFNG  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL10  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MDC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression TGFB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TNF  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Hep 3B2.1-7 CVCL_0326 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
CSQT-2 CVCL_M183 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Hep3B cells was subcutaneously injected into the left axilla of each five-week-old healthy BALB/c female nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin had a synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 to slow Hep3B cell proliferation, activate lymphocytes, inhibit immune evasion, and down-regulate TGF-beta1 expression.
          Carfilzomib      Multiple myeloma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [22]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation NFKBIA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TP53  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase
                    In-vitro Model U266B1 CVCL_0566 Plasma cell myeloma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin significantly ameliorates CFZ cytotoxic effect. Induction of p53/p21 axis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest were more pronounced for the CFZ-curcumin combination.
          Thalidomide      Multiple myeloma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [23]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model KG-1 CVCL_0374 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
U-937 CVCL_0007 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-xL, Leading to Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines.
          Busulfan      Myelofibrosis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [24]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model KG-1a CVCL_1824 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
HL-60 CVCL_0002 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin could increase the sensitivity of leukemia stem-like KG1a cells to busulfan by downregulating the expression of survivin.
          Carboplatin      Ovarian cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [25]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TP53  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combined treatment with curcumin and carboplatin inhibited tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion compared with either drug alone. The synergistic antitumor activity of curcumin combined with carboplatin is mediated by multiple mechanisms involving suppression of NF-kappaB via inhibition of the Akt/IKKalpha pathway and enhanced ERK1/2 activity.
          HSV-TK/GCV      Ovarian cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [26]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression Cx32  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression GJA1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model B16 CVCL_F936 Mouse melanoma Mus musculus
                    In-vivo Model A total of 2*105 B16 cells in a final volume of 100L was injected into the right flanks of each C57BL/6J mouse.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin could enhance the killing effect and the bystander effect of HSV-TK/GCV in treating melanoma, which might be mediated by improved gap junction.
          Tolfenamic acid      Pancreatic cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [27]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BIRC5  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Activity CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Activity CASP7  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PSG1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
Up-regulation ROS generation
                    In-vitro Model HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
HT-29 CVCL_0320 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Thioridazine plus curcumin induces proteasome activity by up-regulating PSMA5 expression via NOX4-mediated ROS production and that down-regulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 expression post-translationally is involved in apoptosis.
          Bicalutamide      Prostate cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [28]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation JNK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MUC1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model PC-3 CVCL_0035 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
DU145 CVCL_0105 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
LNCaP CVCL_0395 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 There are synergistic effects of curcumin and bicalutamide. Curcumin inhibits the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells through ERK1/2- and SAPK/JNK-mediated inhibition of p65, followed by reducing expression of MUC1-C protein.
          Sorafenib      Renal cell carcinoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [29]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression APOA1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression FASN  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression HIF-1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL1B  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation JAK-1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation JAK-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression LDHA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model 1*105 of H22 tumor cells were inoculated in axillae of Kunming mice (22-25 g).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin-enhanced antitumor effects of sorafenib via regulating the metabolism and tumor microenvironment.
          Fenretinide      Retinopathy     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [30]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression HSPA5  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
NCI-H1299 CVCL_0060 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model LLC cells suspension (200 mL/mouse, 1*107 cells/mL) was implanted carefully subcutaneously into the right side of the back of C57BL/6 mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of curcumin and fenretinide can potentially be effective therapeutic agents for treating NSCLC, at least in part, by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein GRP78.
          Thioridazine      Schizophrenia     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [31]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CFLAR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression GABPA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MCL1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression PSMA5  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction ROS generation
                    In-vitro Model AMC-HN-4 CVCL_5962 Tongue squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Thioridazine plus curcumin induces proteasome activity by up-regulating PSMA5 expression via NOX4-mediated ROS production and that down-regulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 expression post-translationally is involved in apoptosis.
          Dactolisib      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [32]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MCL1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Caki-1 CVCL_0234 Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
ACHN CVCL_1067 Papillary renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
A-498 CVCL_1056 Renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combined treatment with NVP-BEZ235 and curcumin induces apoptosis through p53-dependent Bcl-2 mRNA down-regulation at the transcriptional level and Mcl-1 protein down-regulation at the post-transcriptional level.
          Docetaxel      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [33]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression TIMP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model PANC-1 CVCL_0480 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
HPAF-II CVCL_0313 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MIA PaCa-2 CVCL_0428 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin showed synergistic anti-cancer effects with edocetaxel on PC cells by upregulation of TIMP1/TIMP2 with concomitant downregulation of MMP2/MMP9/N-cadherin proteins.
          Gemcitabine      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [34]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PCNA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model BxPC-3 CVCL_0186 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MIA PaCa-2 CVCL_0428 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
PANC-1 CVCL_0480 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Xenograft tumors were generated by subcutaneous injection of 1*106 BxPC3-GEMR cells in male athymic nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by attenuating PRC2 subunit EZH2, and the lncRNA PVT1 expression.
          Mitomycin C      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [35]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAD  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAK  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-W  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BCL2L11  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BIK  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CTNNB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression GSK-3B  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression HNF4A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression NFKBIA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin reduces mitomycin C resistance in breast cancer stem cells by regulating Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptosis.
          Trichostatin A      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [36]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-435 CVCL_0417 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
SK-BR-3 CVCL_0033 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin enhances the anticancer effects of trichostatin a in breast cancer cells via JNK activation.
          Sulindac sulfone      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [37]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
                    In-vitro Model HT-29 CVCL_0320 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were induced male Wistar rats (6-week old) with DMH.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin potentiates the pro-apoptotic effects of sulindac sulfone in colorectal cancer.
          ABT-737      Ovarian cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [38]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation ROS generation
                    In-vitro Model Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin markedly enhanced the antitumor effects of ABT-737 on HepG2 cells, which was partially dependent on the induction of apoptosis. The sustained activation of the ROS-ASK1-c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway may be an important mediator of the synergistic effect of curcumin and ABT-737.
          Etoposide      Testicular carcinoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [39]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation ROS generation
                    In-vitro Model HL-60 CVCL_0002 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model 1*106 BNML cells in 0.5 mL of PBS injected into tail vein in male Brown Norway (BN/CrlCmd) rats.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin can increase the antileukemic effect of etoposide through reactive oxygen species in sensitive myeloid leukemia cells, and it is harmless to normal human cells.
          Azacitidine      Myelodysplastic syndrome     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [40]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model HL-60 CVCL_0002 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
U-937 CVCL_0007 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens
K-562 CVCL_0004 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens
OCI-AML-3 CVCL_1844 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination of Azacitidine and curcumin showed a synergy in all leukemic lines and in most leukemic samples, with a decrease in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis compared to the activity of each drug separately. Azacitidine plus curcumin showed low cytotoxicity in healthy samples.
          Celecoxib      Rheumatoid arthritis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [41]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) animal model was induced by subcutaneously injecting 0.2 ml DMH (30 mg/kg b.w.) in male, 6-week-old, F344 rats.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Celecoxib and curcumin additively inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer in a rat model.
    β. A List of Drug(s) Whose Adverse Effect can be Decreased by This NP
          Sunitinib      Malignant digestive organ neoplasm     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [42]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CDK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CDK4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model 786-O CVCL_1051 Renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin potentiates the ability of sunitinib to eliminate the VHL-lacking renal cancer cells 786-O.
          Dasatinib      Chronic myelogenous leukaemia     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [43]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
HT-29 CVCL_0320 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combinatorial therapy inhibited cellular growth, invasion and colonosphere formation and also reduced CSC population as evidenced by the decreased expression of CSC specific markers: CD133, CD44, CD166 and ALDH.
    γ. A List of Drug(s) Whose Resistance can be Reversed by This NP
          Irinotecan      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [44]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CD24  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CD44  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression EPCAM  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PROM1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model LoVo CVCL_0399 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin attenuates resistance to irinotecan via induction of apoptosis of cancer stem cells in chemoresistant colon cancer cells.
          Oxaliplatin      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [45]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CDH2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation SMAD2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression TGFB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
SW480 CVCL_0546 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model HCT116/OXA cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the right flank in each BALB/c nude mice (6-8 weeks old, 20+/-2 g weight).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin reverses oxaliplatin resistance in human colorectal cancer via regulation of TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
          5-fluorouracil      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [46]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression HSP20  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase
                    In-vitro Model HCT 8 CVCL_2478 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Down-regulation of P-gp and HSP-27, two multidrug resistance related factors, may be the mechanism of curcumin reversing the drug resistance of HCT-8/5-FU to 5-FU.
          Doxorubicin      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [47]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Activity ABCB4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation ABCB4-mediated doxorubicin transport
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MDCK-II CVCL_0424 Healthy Canis lupus familiaris
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin reversed doxorubicin resistance in human breast cancer MCF 7/DOX and MDA MB231/DOX cells by inhibiting the ATPase activity of ABCB4.
          Cisplatin      Bladder cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [48]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model HCT 8 CVCL_2478 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model HCT8/DDP cells (1*106) transfected with lenti-KCNQ1OT1 or lenti-NC were suspended in Matrigel matrix and subcutaneously injected into the back of male six-week-old nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 KCNQ1OT1 aggravated cisplatin resistance in CRC cells via the miR-497/Bcl-2 axis.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)  Molecule Info  [49]
Amyloid beta A4 protein (APP)  Molecule Info  [50]
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)  Molecule Info  [51]
DNA [cytosine-5]-methyltransferase (DNMT)  Molecule Info  [52]
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)  Molecule Info  [53]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)  Molecule Info  [54]
Multidrug resistance protein (MDR)  Molecule Info  [55]
Nitric-oxide synthase inducible (NOS2)  Molecule Info  [56]
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthas (COX)  Molecule Info  [57]
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH)  Molecule Info  [58]
BioCyc Citrulline-nitric oxide cycle Click to Show/Hide
2 Purine nucleotides degradation
3 Urate biosynthesis/inosine 5'-phosphate degradation
4 Guanosine nucleotides degradation
5 Adenosine nucleotides degradation
6 Retinoate biosynthesis II
KEGG Pathway TNF signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Leukocyte transendothelial migration
3 Estrogen signaling pathway
4 Hepatitis B
5 Pathways in cancer
6 Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
7 Proteoglycans in cancer
8 MicroRNAs in cancer
9 Bladder cancer
10 Notch signaling pathway
11 Alzheimer's disease
12 Steroid hormone biosynthesis
13 Linoleic acid metabolism
14 Retinol metabolism
15 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
16 Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450
17 Drug metabolism - other enzymes
18 Metabolic pathways
19 Bile secretion
20 Chemical carcinogenesis
21 Arginine biosynthesis
22 Arginine and proline metabolism
23 Calcium signaling pathway
24 HIF-1 signaling pathway
25 Peroxisome
26 Salmonella infection
27 Pertussis
28 Leishmaniasis
29 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
30 Toxoplasmosis
31 Amoebiasis
32 Tuberculosis
33 Small cell lung cancer
34 Purine metabolism
35 Caffeine metabolism
NetPath Pathway ID Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
3 Leptin Signaling Pathway
4 TNFalpha Signaling Pathway
5 IL1 Signaling Pathway
6 IL2 Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Alzheimer disease-presenilin pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Plasminogen activating cascade
3 CCKR signaling map ST
4 Adenine and hypoxanthine salvage pathway
5 Purine metabolism
Pathwhiz Pathway Caffeine Metabolism Click to Show/Hide
2 Retinol Metabolism
3 Purine Metabolism
Pathway Interaction Database LPA receptor mediated events Click to Show/Hide
2 Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling
3 Osteopontin-mediated events
4 Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2
5 Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation
6 CXCR4-mediated signaling events
7 amb2 Integrin signaling
8 Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events
9 AP-1 transcription factor network
10 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPAR-mediated signaling
11 Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events
12 Regulation of nuclear beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription
13 FGF signaling pathway
14 IL12-mediated signaling events
15 Alpha9 beta1 integrin signaling events
16 ATF-2 transcription factor network
17 IL23-mediated signaling events
18 Signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta
19 HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network
Reactome Collagen degradation Click to Show/Hide
2 Degradation of the extracellular matrix
3 Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
4 Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures
5 EPH-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells
6 Nuclear signaling by ERBB4
7 Regulated proteolysis of p75NTR
8 NRIF signals cell death from the nucleus
9 Activated NOTCH1 Transmits Signal to the Nucleus
10 Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants
11 Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants
12 Xenobiotics
13 Aflatoxin activation and detoxification
14 ROS production in response to bacteria
15 Nitric oxide stimulates guanylate cyclase
16 Purine catabolism
WikiPathways Endochondral Ossification Click to Show/Hide
2 IL1 and megakaryotyces in obesity
3 Mammary gland development pathway - Involution (Stage 4 of 4)
4 Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
5 Degradation of collagen
6 Spinal Cord Injury
7 AGE/RAGE pathway
8 TWEAK Signaling Pathway
9 Angiogenesis
10 Osteopontin Signaling
11 Matrix Metalloproteinases
12 Notch Signaling Pathway
13 Signaling by ERBB4
14 Signaling by NOTCH3
15 Signaling by NOTCH4
16 Signaling by NOTCH1
17 Signaling by NOTCH2
18 Notch Signaling Pathway
19 Alzheimers Disease
20 Signalling by NGF
21 Metapathway biotransformation
22 Aflatoxin B1 metabolism
23 Estrogen metabolism
24 Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism
25 Tamoxifen metabolism
26 Tryptophan metabolism
27 Oxidation by Cytochrome P450
28 Nuclear Receptors in Lipid Metabolism and Toxicity
29 Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway
30 Farnesoid X Receptor Pathway
31 Vitamin D Receptor Pathway
32 Felbamate Metabolism
33 Lidocaine metabolism
34 Nifedipine Activity
35 Colchicine Metabolic Pathway
36 Irinotecan Pathway
37 Drug Induction of Bile Acid Pathway
38 Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation
39 Codeine and Morphine Metabolism
40 Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
41 Type II interferon signaling (IFNG)
42 Effects of Nitric Oxide
43 Oxidative Stress
44 Metabolism of nucleotides
45 Selenium Micronutrient Network
References
Reference 1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7000).
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Reference 6 Curcumin Enhances the Antitumoral Effect Induced by the Recombinant Vaccinia Neu Vaccine (rV- neu T) in Mice with Transplanted Salivary Gland Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients. 2020 May 14;12(5):1417.
Reference 7 Curcumin induces cell death and restores tamoxifen sensitivity in the antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cell lines MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9. Molecules. 2013 Jan 8;18(1):701-20.
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Reference 19 Synergism of Curcumin and Cytarabine in the Down Regulation of Multi-Drug Resistance Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2016;16(1):128-35.
Reference 20 Curcumin potentiates the anti-leukemia effects of imatinib by downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and BCR/ABL gene expression in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015 Aug;65:1-11.
Reference 21 Synergistic efficacy of curcumin and anti-programmed cell death-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci. 2021 Mar 19;279:119359.
Reference 22 Curcumin ameliorates the in vitro efficacy of carfilzomib in human multiple myeloma U266 cells targeting p53 and NF-kappaB pathways. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Mar;47:186-194.
Reference 23 Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-xL, Leading to Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020 Jan 15;14:185-194.
Reference 24 Curcumin Enhanced Busulfan-Induced Apoptosis through Downregulating the Expression of Survivin in Leukemia Stem-Like KG1a Cells. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:630397.
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Reference 26 Curcumin plays a synergistic role in combination with HSV-TK/GCV in inhibiting growth of murine B16 melanoma cells and melanoma xenografts. PeerJ. 2019 Sep 20;7:e7760.
Reference 27 Combination of tolfenamic acid and curcumin induces colon cancer cell growth inhibition through modulating specific transcription factors and reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 19;7(3):3186-200.
Reference 28 Combination of curcumin and bicalutamide enhanced the growth inhibition of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells through SAPK/JNK and MEK/ERK1/2-mediated targeting NF-kappaB/p65 and MUC1-C. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2015 May 15;34(1):46.
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