Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP3067)
Name
Paclitaxel
Synonyms
Micellar Paclitaxel; Paclitaxel [USAN:INN:BAN]; SCHEMBL15000506; Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester, (2aR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alphaR*,betaS*),11alpha,12alpha,12aalpha,12balpha))-
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Species Origin Taxus baccata ...     Click to Show/Hide
Taxus baccata
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus baccata
Taxus chinensis
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus chinensis
Taxus brevifolia
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus brevifolia
Taxus cuspidata
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus cuspidata
Taxus wallichiana
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus wallichiana
Cephalotaxus hainanensis
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Cephalotaxus
Species: Cephalotaxus hainanensis
Taxus sumatrana
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Family: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus sumatrana
Disease Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

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Formula
C47H51NO14
PubChem CID
36314
Canonical SMILES
CC1=C2C(C(=O)C3(C(CC4C(C3C(C(C2(C)C)(CC1OC(=O)C(C(C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C
InChI
1S/C47H51NO14/c1-25-31(60-43(56)36(52)35(28-16-10-7-11-17-28)48-41(54)29-18-12-8-13-19-29)23-47(57)40(61-42(55)30-20-14-9-15-21-30)38-45(6,32(51)22-33-46(38,24-58-33)62-27(3)50)39(53)37(59-26(2)49)34(25)44(47,4)5/h7-21,31-33,35-38,40,51-52,57H,22-24H2,1-6H3,(H,48,54)/t31-,32-,33+,35-,36+,37+,38-,40-,45+,46-,47+/m0/s1
InChIKey
RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 33069-62-4
Herb ID
HBIN045705
TTD Drug ID
D0C4RB
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Coralyne      Acute lymphoblastic leukemia     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Paclitaxel in combination with coralyne show a promising therapeutic potential effect in treating breast cancer at lower effective dose.
          Temozolomide      Brain cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression SLC2A1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model U-251MG CVCL_0021 Astrocytoma Homo sapiens
LN-229 CVCL_0393 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 A combination of TMZ and Taxol exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on Taxol resistant glioma cells.
          Alpelisib      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP7  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression H2AFX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model SNU-1 CVCL_0099 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SNU-16 CVCL_0076 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SNU-484 CVCL_0100 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SNU-638 CVCL_0102 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MKN1 CVCL_1415 Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma Homo sapiens
SNU-601 CVCL_0101 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SNU-668 CVCL_5081 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
AGS CVCL_0139 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model For a xenograft model, 1 * 107 MKN1 cells were implanted subcutaneously into both flanks of each Balb/c mouse.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Alpelisib alone or in combination with paclitaxel demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models of PIK3CA-mutant GC via inactivating PI3K down-stream molecules, increasing DNA damage response, and apoptosis.
          BMS-228987      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Activity JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Alpha/beta selective retinoids dramatically lowered the effective dose of Taxol needed to induce cytotoxicity of a wide range of tumor cell lines. Examination of pathways common to Taxol and retinoid signaling revealed that this synergy was related in part to effects on Bcl-2 expression/phosphorylation as well as the activity of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and activator protein-1.
          BMS-231974      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Activity JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Alpha/beta selective retinoids dramatically lowered the effective dose of Taxol needed to induce cytotoxicity of a wide range of tumor cell lines. Examination of pathways common to Taxol and retinoid signaling revealed that this synergy was related in part to effects on Bcl-2 expression/phosphorylation as well as the activity of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and activator protein-1.
          Dichloroacetate      Insulin-resistance syndrome     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [6]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CYB5R2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model OECM-1 CVCL_6782 Gingival squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
SAS CVCL_1675 Tongue squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of Taxol with DCA showed synergistic inhibitory effects on Taxol resistant cells under hypoxic conditions.
          TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [7]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CASP8  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 PX can sensitize U87 cells and U87-SLCs to TRAIL treatment through an extrinsic pathway of cell apoptosis.
          HLM006474      Melanoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [8]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression E2F3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model NCI-H1299 CVCL_0060 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
NCI-H292 CVCL_0455 Lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 E2F inhibition synergizes with paclitaxel in lung cancer cell lines.
          Decitabine      Myelodysplastic syndrome     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [9]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression TGFB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model ACHN CVCL_1067 Papillary renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
Caki-1 CVCL_0234 Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
Caki-2 CVCL_0235 Renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
NC 65 Renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model 1*107 ACHN or Caki-1 cells were injected into the backs of each mouse.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Paclitaxel in combination with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances susceptibility of renal cell carcinoma through VHL-TGFBI signaling.
          ABT-737      Ovarian cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [10]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAK  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BCL2L11  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MCL1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model K-562 CVCL_0004 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 BH3 mimetics synergize with paclitaxel in the killing of CML cells.
          Bcl-2 siRNA      Pancreatic cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [11]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model U-138MG CVCL_0020 Astrocytoma Homo sapiens
U-251MG CVCL_0021 Astrocytoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 A low dose of taxol in combination with a plasmid vector expressing Bcl-2 siRNA effectively induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, markedly decreases tumour cell invasion, completely inhibits in vivo angiogenesis, and remarkably suppresses both intracranial and subcutaneous tumour growth in nude mice.
          Napabucasin      Pancreatic cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [12]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A2780 CVCL_0134 Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SK-OV-3 CVCL_0532 Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Paclitaxel combined BBI608 results in increased apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and a reduced tumour burden.
          PNC-27      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [13]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression MDM2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model PNC-27 was tested in an intraperitoneal mouse model of ovarian cancer.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 PNC-27 could target cells surviving paclitaxel and improve its antitumor effect.
          Cisplatin      Bladder cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [14]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
                    In-vitro Model SK-OV-3 CVCL_0532 Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
OVCAR-3 CVCL_0465 Ovarian serous adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
JC cells derived from ovarian cancer patient Ovarian cancer Homo sapiens
JC-pl cells derived from a pleural effusion after cisplatin treatment Ovarian cancer Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 A synergistic effect of EPD and cisplatin in an ovarian drug resistant cell line as well as a synergistic effect of EPD and paclitaxel in two other ovarian cell lines.
          Birinapant      Lymphoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [15]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
                    In-vitro Model PANC-1 CVCL_0480 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Paclitaxel combined to birinapant could interrupt cell cycle progression by inducing G2/M arrest, whereas the single-drug treatments would not.
          Amifostine      Nasopharyngitis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [16]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
                    In-vitro Model Hec50co Endometrial cancer Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Amifostine effect on in vivo tumor growth was tested in athymic mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Amifostine and paclitaxel shown a potential anticancer synergistic effect in vitro and in vivo, whereas amifostine maintained a protective role in peripheral blood profiles.
          Trastuzumab      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [18]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model BT-474 CVCL_0179 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Trastuzumab and paclitaxel combination showed synergistic therapy for HER2+ breast cancer.
          3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine      Human immunodeficiency virus disease     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [19]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model FaDu CVCL_1218 Squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Paclitaxel combinated with low and nontoxic AZT dose was a novel cancer therapeutic approach to human pharynx faDu cells.
          Bazedoxifene      Skeletal anomaly     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [20]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
T-47D CVCL_0553 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
BT-474 CVCL_0179 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-468 CVCL_0419 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
4T1 CVCL_0125 Malignant neoplasms Mus musculus
                    In-vivo Model For a xenograft model, 4T1 cells (1 * 106) cells were injected bilaterally into the 4th mammary fat pads of six-week-old female athymic nude (Foxn1nu) mice (strain: Hsd); 3 * 106 MDA-MB-231 cells were injected bilaterally into the 4th mammary fat pads of athymic nude (Foxn1nu) mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 When combined with paclitaxel, bazedoxifene may be a potential small molecule for the treatment of both estrogen receptor positive and triple-negative breast cancer.
          Doxorubicin      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [21]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model T84 CVCL_0555 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
Caco-2 CVCL_0025 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Rh2 CVCL_A460 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
SK-BR-3 CVCL_0033 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
BCaP-37 CVCL_0164 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
LNCaP CVCL_0395 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
PC-3 CVCL_0035 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-10 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Supplementation of Selenium enhanced chemotherapeutic effect of Taxol and Doxorubicin in these cells beyond that seen with the chemotherapeutic drugs used alone.
          Gemcitabine      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [22]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Clinical trial review
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination was very well tolerated and was not associated with any adverse impact in quality of life compared with paclitaxel alone.
          Cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [23]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model UM-SCC-5 CVCL_7762 Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
FaDu CVCL_1218 Squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 TPF regimen combining cinobufotalin suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis synergistically in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2)  Molecule Info  [1]
Tubulin beta (TUBB)  Molecule Info  [1]
KEGG Pathway NF-kappa B signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 HIF-1 signaling pathway
3 Sphingolipid signaling pathway
4 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
5 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
6 Apoptosis
7 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes
8 Focal adhesion
9 Neurotrophin signaling pathway
10 Cholinergic synapse
11 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
12 Toxoplasmosis
13 Tuberculosis
14 Hepatitis B
15 Epstein-Barr virus infection
16 Pathways in cancer
17 MicroRNAs in cancer
18 Colorectal cancer
19 Prostate cancer
20 Small cell lung cancer
21 Phagosome
22 Gap junction
23 Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
NetPath Pathway IL5 Signaling Pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 TCR Signaling Pathway
3 IL2 Signaling Pathway
4 IL3 Signaling Pathway
5 Leptin Signaling Pathway
6 RANKL Signaling Pathway
7 TSLP Signaling Pathway
8 FSH Signaling Pathway
9 EGFR1 Signaling Pathway
Panther Pathway Apoptosis signaling pathway Click to Show/Hide
2 Oxidative stress response
3 CCKR signaling map ST
4 Cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPase
5 Huntington disease
Pathway Interaction Database Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes Click to Show/Hide
2 IL2-mediated signaling events
3 IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K
4 Ceramide signaling pathway
5 Direct p53 effectors
6 RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
7 ATF-2 transcription factor network
8 C-MYB transcription factor network
9 HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
10 Caspase Cascade in Apoptosis
11 Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit)
12 EPO signaling pathway
13 IL2 signaling events mediated by STAT5
14 Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression
Reactome Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria Click to Show/Hide
2 BH3-only proteins associate with and inactivate anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members
3 The NLRP1 inflammasome
4 Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition
5 Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes
6 Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
7 Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization?from the centrosome
8 Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane
WikiPathways DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent) Click to Show/Hide
2 Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer
3 IL-2 Signaling Pathway
4 FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
5 Focal Adhesion
6 Kit receptor signaling pathway
7 IL-3 Signaling Pathway
8 Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) signaling pathways
9 Apoptosis
10 Nanoparticle triggered autophagic cell death
11 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
12 Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
13 Corticotropin-releasing hormone
14 Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway
15 Prostate Cancer
16 miR-targeted genes in muscle cell - TarBase
17 miR-targeted genes in lymphocytes - TarBase
18 miR-targeted genes in leukocytes - TarBase
19 Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway
20 Integrated Cancer pathway
21 Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
22 Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling
23 TP53 Network
24 Influenza A virus infection
25 IL-5 Signaling Pathway
26 Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway
27 Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
28 Mitotic G2-G2/M phases
References
Reference 1 Paclitaxel directly binds to Bcl-2 and functionally mimics activity of Nur77. Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 1;69(17):6906-14.
Reference 2 Synergistic effects of coralyne and paclitaxel on cell migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells lines. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Jul;91:436-445.
Reference 3 Combination of temozolomide and Taxol exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect on Taxol?resistant glioma cells via inhibition of glucose metabolism. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Nov;12(5):7705-11.
Reference 4 PI3K-targeting strategy using alpelisib to enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel in human gastric cancer. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 23;10(1):12308.
Reference 5 Synergistic cytotoxicity exhibited by combination treatment of selective retinoid ligands with taxol (Paclitaxel). Cancer Res. 2001 Dec 15;61(24):8703-11.
Reference 6 Combination of Taxol? and dichloroacetate results in synergistically inhibitory effects on Taxol-resistant oral cancer cells under hypoxia. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Apr;11(4):2935-40.
Reference 7 TRAIL and paclitaxel synergize to kill U87 cells and U87-derived stem-like cells in vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(7):9142-56.
Reference 8 E2F inhibition synergizes with paclitaxel in lung cancer cell lines. PLoS One. 2014 May 15;9(5):e96357.
Reference 9 VHL-TGFBI signaling is involved in the synergy between 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and paclitaxel against human renal cell carcinoma. J BUON. Mar-Apr 2017;22(2):500-507.
Reference 10 Mechanism of synergy of BH3 mimetics and paclitaxel in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: Mcl-1 inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015 Apr 5;70:64-71.
Reference 11 Combination of taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells and inhibits invasion, angiogenesis and tumour growth. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Oct;13(10):4205-18.
Reference 12 Targeted activation of Stat3 in combination with paclitaxel results in increased apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and a reduced tumour burden. Cell Prolif. 2020 Jan;53(1):e12719.
Reference 13 Synergy between Paclitaxel and Anti-Cancer Peptide PNC-27 in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2017 May;47(3):271-281.
Reference 14 Synergistic effects of the sesquiterpene lactone, EPD, with cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Apr 25;34(1):38.
Reference 15 Temporal Effects of Combined Birinapant and Paclitaxel on Pancreatic Cancer Cells Investigated via Large-Scale, Ion-Current-Based Quantitative Proteomics (IonStar). Mol Cell Proteomics. 2018 Apr;17(4):655-671.
Reference 16 A potential synergistic anticancer effect of paclitaxel and amifostine on endometrial cancer. Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 15;65(20):9517-24.
Reference 17 Cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin and a new Pt-mercaptopyridine complex. Anticancer Res. Sep-Oct 2002;22(5):2783-8.
Reference 18 Experimentally-driven mathematical modeling to improve combination targeted and cytotoxic therapy for HER2+ breast cancer. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 6;9(1):12830.
Reference 19 Synergy between 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and paclitaxel in human pharynx FaDu cells. Pharm Res. 2003 Jul;20(7):957-61.
Reference 20 Combined bazedoxifene and paclitaxel treatments inhibit cell viability, cell migration, colony formation, and tumor growth and induce apoptosis in breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 2019 Apr 28;448:11-19.
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Reference 23 Combination of TPF regimen and cinobufotalin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther. 2018 Dec 31;12:341-348.
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