Natural Product (NP) Details

General Information of the NP (ID: NP8310)
Name
Sulforaphane
Synonyms
Sulforafan; DL-Sulforaphane; 1-Isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane; D,L-Sulforaphane; L-Sulforaphane; Sulforaphane (unspecified); R,S-Sulforaphane; C6H11NOS2; 1-isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfinylbutane; Sulforaphane Racemate; CCRIS 7221; 1-Isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane; Butane, 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-; SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 4-(Methylsulfinyl)Butyl Isothiocyanate
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Species Origin Brassica oleracea ...     Click to Show/Hide
Brassica oleracea
Kingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Streptophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Brassica
Species: Brassica oleracea
Disease Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Investigative [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

ADMET Property
Absporption
Caco-2 Permeability
 -4.705
 
MDCK Permeability
 -4.717
 
PAMPA
 - - -
 
HIA
 - - -
 
Distribution
VDss
 0.058
 
PPB
 35.3%
 
BBB
 - -
 
Metabolism
CYP1A2 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP1A2 substrate
 +++
CYP2C19 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C19 substrate
 +++
CYP2C9 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2C9 substrate
 +
CYP2D6 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2D6 substrate
 -
CYP3A4 inhibitor
 ++
CYP3A4 substrate
 +++
CYP2B6 inhibitor
 - - -
CYP2B6 substrate
 +++
CYP2C8 inhibitor
 - - -
HLM Stability
 - - -
 
Excretion
CLplasma
 9.194
 
T1/2
 2.137
Toxicity
DILI
 ++
 
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity
 +++
 
FDAMDD
 +++
 
Respiratory
 +++
 
Human Hepatotoxicity
 - - -
 
Ototoxicity
 - - -
 
Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity
 - - -
 
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity
 - - -
 
Hematotoxicity
 - - -
 
Genotoxicity
 +++
 
Tips: 1. For the classification endpoints, the prediction probability values are transformed into six symbols: 0-0.1 (- - -), 0.1-0.3 (- -), 0.3-0.5 (-), 0.5-0.7 (+), 0.7-0.9 (++), and 0.9-1.0 (+++). 2. Additionally, the corresponding relationships of the three labels are as follows: excellent; medium; poor.
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Formula
C6H11NOS2
PubChem CID
5350
Canonical SMILES
CS(=O)CCCCN=C=S
InChI
1S/C6H11NOS2/c1-10(8)5-3-2-4-7-6-9/h2-5H2,1H3
InChIKey
SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 4478-93-7
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:47807
Herb ID
HBIN045133
TTD Drug ID
D0X4IO
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Drug(s) Whose Efficacy can be Enhanced by This NP
          Cisplatin      Bladder cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression microRNA 30a  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A2780 CVCL_0134 Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
IGROV-1 CVCL_1304 Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model A2780/CP70 and IGROV1-R10 cells (4 * 106) were injected into nude mice sub cutaneously.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 SFN enhances cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells through up-regulating miR-30a-3p to induce DNA damage and accumulation of intracellular cisplatin.
          Tanespimycin      Breast cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression HSP90A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MIA PaCa-2 CVCL_0428 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
PANC-1 CVCL_0480 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of 17-AAG against pancreatic cancer through enhanced abrogation of Hsp90 function.
          Oxaliplatin      Colorectal cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Caco-2 CVCL_0025 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 SFN and Ox alone inhibited cell growth of Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, an effect, which could be synergistically enhanced, when cells were incubated with the combination of both agents.
          Acetazolamide      Glaucoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression NANOGNB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression POU5F1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression SOX2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model NCI-H727 CVCL_1584 Lung carcinoid tumor Homo sapiens
NCI-H720 CVCL_1583 Lung carcinoid tumor Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model H727 and H720 parental and 3rd generation spheroid cells (3 * 104) were injected into the subcutaneous inguinal fat pad of NOD/SCID mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 AZ + SFN combination were effective in inhibiting tumor cell growth, spheroid formation and in reducing tumor formation in immunocompromised mice.
          PR-104A      Hepatocellular carcinoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [6]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression AKR1C3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model HT29 CVCL_A8EZ Colorectal adenocarcinoma Mus musculus
SW620 CVCL_0547 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane preconditioning sensitizes human colon cancer cells towards the bioreductive anticancer prodrug PR-104A.
          TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [7]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAK  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CCNB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CDK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model PC-3 CVCL_0035 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
LNCaP CVCL_0395 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Mice were inoculated with PC-3 cells (1*106 per 100 AL medium) into the dorsolateral lobe of the prostatic capsule.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane enhances the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer orthotopic model through regulation of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
          Imatinib      Mantle cell lymphoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [8]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CTNNB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression GSTP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Ku812 CVCL_0379 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of imatinib against chronic leukemia cancer stem cells through enhanced abrogation of Wnt/Beta-catenin function.
          Clofarabine      Myelodysplastic syndrome     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [9]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CDKN2A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Clofarabine in combination with sulforaphane significantly reactivates DNA methylation-silenced CDKN2A tumour suppressor and inhibits cancer cell growth at a non-invasive breast cancer stage.
          Fernblock      Photoaging     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [10]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression IL1B  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model WM115 CVCL_0040 Melanoma Homo sapiens
WM266-4 CVCL_2765 Melanoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of sulforaphane and fernblock XP improves individual beneficial effects in normal and neoplastic human skin cell lines.
          Sorafenib      Renal cell carcinoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [11]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model BxPC-3 CVCL_0186 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MIA PaCa-2 CVCL_0428 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 SF completely eradicated SO-induced NF-KappaB binding, which was associated with abrogated clonogenicity, spheroid formation, ALDH1 activity, migratory capacity, and induction of apoptosis.
          5-fluorouracil      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [12]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CASP8  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane and 5-fluorouracil have been shown to interact synergistically in the breast cancerMDA-MB-231 cell line, resulting in a significant reduction of the number of live cells compared to alone treatments.
          Decitabine      Myelodysplastic syndrome     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [13]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model B16-F10 CVCL_0159 Mouse melanoma Mus musculus
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 combinational treatments with SFN and DAC results in melanoma cell growth inhibition and specific changes in gene expression profiles.
    β. A List of Drug(s) Whose Adverse Effect can be Decreased by This NP
          Gefitinib      Lung cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [14]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression COX-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of SFN and gemcitabine potentiates the efficacy of gemcitabine and minimize the toxicity to normal cells.
          Doxorubicin      Solid tumour/cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [15]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression DNMT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression HDAC9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-10A CVCL_0598 Healthy Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
13762 MAT B III CVCL_3475 Adenocarcinoma Rattus norvegicus
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
NRCM Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    In-vivo Model Non-tumor bearing female Sprague Dawley rats (age 6-8 weeks) were examined for the cardiac effects of SFN administration during chronic DOX treatment.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane potentiates anticancer effects of doxorubicin and attenuates its cardiotoxicity in a breast cancer model.
    γ. A List of Drug(s) Whose Resistance can be Reversed by This NP
          Temozolomide      Brain cancer     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [16]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression MGMT  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
U-373MG ATCC CVCL_2219 Astrocytoma Homo sapiens
T98G CVCL_0556 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Nude mouse models were established with U373-R GBM cells inoculated subcutaneously into the right flanks of 4-6-week-old female mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 SFN effectively inhibited activity of NF-KappaB signaling pathway and then reduced MGMT expression to reverse the chemo-resistance to TMZ in T98G, U87-R and U373-R cell lines.
          Everolimus      Renal cell carcinoma     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This Drug
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [17]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CCNB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CDK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression IFI27  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression REG1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model RT-112 CVCL_1670 Bladder carcinoma Homo sapiens
UM-UC-3 CVCL_1783 Bladder carcinoma Homo sapiens
TCCSUP CVCL_1738 Bladder carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Chronic sulforaphane administration inhibits resistance to the mTOR-inhibitor everolimus in bladder cancer cells.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)  Molecule Info 
Inactive rhomboid protein 2 (RHBDF2)  Molecule Info  [1]
Jun N terminal kinase (JNK)  Molecule Info 
References
Reference 1 p63 is a key regulator of iRHOM2 signalling in the keratinocyte stress response.Nat Commun. 2018 Mar 9;9(1):1021.
Reference 2 Sulforaphane enhances the cisplatin sensitivity through regulating DNA repair and accumulation of intracellular cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res. 2020 Aug 15;393(2):112061.
Reference 3 Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin against pancreatic cancer through enhanced abrogation of Hsp90 chaperone function. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(7):1151-9.
Reference 4 Sulforaphane potentiates oxaliplatin-induced cell growth inhibition in colorectal cancer cells via induction of different modes of cell death. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 May;67(5):1167-78.
Reference 5 Human bronchial carcinoid tumor initiating cells are targeted by the combination of acetazolamide and sulforaphane. BMC Cancer. 2019 Aug 30;19(1):864.
Reference 6 Sulforaphane Preconditioning Sensitizes Human Colon Cancer Cells towards the Bioreductive Anticancer Prodrug PR-104A. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 7;11(3):e0150219.
Reference 7 Sulforaphane enhances the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer orthotopic model through regulation of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 1;14(21):6855-66.
Reference 8 Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of imatinib against chronic leukemia cancer stem cells through enhanced abrogation of Wnt/Beta-catenin function. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jul 18;60(28):7031-9.
Reference 9 Inhibition of breast cancer cell growth by the combination of clofarabine and sulforaphane involves epigenetically mediated CDKN2A upregulation. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2018;37(5):280-289.
Reference 10 The Combination of Sulforaphane and Fernblock ? XP Improves Individual Beneficial Effects in Normal and Neoplastic Human Skin Cell Lines. Nutrients. 2020 May 30;12(6):1608.
Reference 11 Synergistic activity of sorafenib and sulforaphane abolishes pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics. Cancer Res. 2010 Jun 15;70(12):5004-13.
Reference 12 Autophagic cell death and premature senescence: New mechanism of 5-fluorouracil and sulforaphane synergistic anticancer effect in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Jan;111:1-8.
Reference 13 Effect of Sulforaphane and 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine on Melanoma Cell Growth. Medicines (Basel). 2019 Jun 27;6(3):71.
Reference 14 Sulforaphane inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells and augments the therapeutic index of the chemotherapeutic drug, gemcitabine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(10):5855-60.
Reference 15 Sulforaphane potentiates anticancer effects of doxorubicin and attenuates its cardiotoxicity in a breast cancer model. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 8;13(3):e0193918.
Reference 16 Sulforaphane reverses chemo-resistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma cells by NF-KappaB-dependent pathway downregulating MGMT expression. Int J Oncol. 2016 Feb;48(2):559-68.
Reference 17 Chronic Sulforaphane Administration Inhibits Resistance to the mTOR-Inhibitor Everolimus in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 4;21(11):4026.
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