Drug Details

General Information of the Drug (ID: DR4469)
Name
Doxorubicin
Synonyms
Adriacin; 25316-40-9; Doxorubicin HCl; ADRIAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE; Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride; Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl; UNII-82F2G7BL4E; ADRIAMYCIN, HYDROCHLORIDE; KW-125; Lipodox; MLS001401460; 82F2G7BL4E; SMR000058570; CPD000058570; DSSTox_RID_78854; DSSTox_RID_80678; DSSTox_CID_10636; DSSTox_GSID_30636; DSSTox_GSID_45111; CCRIS 740; CAS-NOCAS_45111
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Molecular Type
Small molecule
Disease Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Approved [1]
Structure
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2D MOL

3D MOL

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Formula
C27H29NO11
PubChem CID
31703
Canonical SMILES
CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O
InChI
1S/C27H29NO11/c1-10-22(31)13(28)6-17(38-10)39-15-8-27(36,16(30)9-29)7-12-19(15)26(35)21-20(24(12)33)23(32)11-4-3-5-14(37-2)18(11)25(21)34/h3-5,10,13,15,17,22,29,31,33,35-36H,6-9,28H2,1-2H3/t10-,13-,15-,17-,22+,27-/m0/s1
InChIKey
AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 23214-92-8
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:28748
GDSC
Doxorubicin
TTD Drug ID
D07VLY
DrugBank ID
DB00997
Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s) Validated Clinically or Experimentally
    α. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Enhance the Efficacy of This Drug
          Acacetin      Acacia farnesiana     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [2]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation MDR1 transporter
                    In-vitro Model A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
NCI-H1299 CVCL_0060 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Their combination leads to more retention of doxorubicin in the cells by modulating drug trasporter and thus enhances its therapeutic potential.
          Apicidin      Fusarium sp.     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [3]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Huh-7 CVCL_0336 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep 3B2.1-7 CVCL_0326 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Huh7 and Hep3B cells with or without SULF1 expression (1*106) were suspended in PBS and inoculated subcutaneously into the right flanks of 4- to 6-week-old male BALB/c nu/nu nude mice (NCI/NIH).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of doxorubicin with apicidin significantly increased the anti-tumor effect in the SULF1-expressing Huh7 and Hep3B cells as compared to either apicidin or doxorubicin alone, both in vitro and in vivo.
          Borneol      Chrysanthemum x morifolium     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [4]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CCNB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation JNK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression POLD1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
Up-regulation ROS generation
                    In-vitro Model U-251MG CVCL_0021 Astrocytoma Homo sapiens
U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model U251 cells (5*107) in 100 uL PBS were injected subcutaneously into the right oxter of male nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Borneol could enhance anticancer efficiency of doxorubicin against human glioma through triggering ROS-mediated signal.
          Bufalin      Bufo gargarizans     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [5]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BID  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cytochrome c release
                    In-vitro Model Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
HLE CVCL_1281 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination of cinobufacini and doxorubicin increases apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the Fas- and mitochondria-mediated pathways.
          Camptothecin      Camptotheca acuminata     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [6]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CTNNB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model 4T1 CVCL_0125 Malignant neoplasms Mus musculus
BT-474 CVCL_0179 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Tumor inoculation was achieved by subcutaneously injecting 5*104 4T1 cells in the abdominal mammary gland of female BALB/c mice in order to prevent interference with normal bodily functions
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Camptothecin-doxorubicin combinations showed synergistic antitumor acitivity.
          Cardamonin      Alpinia zerumbet     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [7]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ALDH1A1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CCL2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression EZH2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MYC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression NANOG  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression POU5F1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression SETDB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression SMYD3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression SOX2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model SUM190PT CVCL_3423 Breast inflammatory carcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
CAMA-1 CVCL_1115 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model To establish breast cancer xenografts in nude mice, SUM190 cells were mixed with Matrigel and injected under aseptic conditions into mammary fat pads of nude mice (n = 4-8 for each group, 2 * 106 cells per fat pad).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Cardamonin reduces chemotherapy-enriched breast cancer stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo.
          Celastrol      Celastrus strigillosus     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [8]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CERS1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CERS4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CERS6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model CT26 CVCL_7254 Mouse colon adenocarcinoma Mus musculus
HCT 8 CVCL_2478 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
DLD-1 CVCL_0248 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
HCT 116 CVCL_0291 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model BALB/c mice were removed hair and injected CT26 cells (1.5*106) suspended in FBS: Matrigel (1:1, 200 uL/mouse) subcutaneously in the flank region of mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Hydrogel-mediated delivery of celastrol and doxorubicin induces a synergistic effect on tumor regression via upregulation of ceramides.
          Cinchonine      Cinchona calisaya     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [9]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 A non-cytotoxic concentration of cinchonine (10 microM) increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin of multidrug-resistant P388/DOX cells and significantly enhanced the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in resistant cells, but had no effect in parent cells.
          Cinnamaldehyde      Muhlenbergia tenuissima     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [10]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model U-87MG ATCC CVCL_0022 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Cinnamaldehyde is able to enhance the apoptosis induced by DOX on human glioblastoma cells.
          Costunolide      Magnolia sieboldii     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [11]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation PIK3CB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model K-562 CVCL_0004 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Costunolide enhances sensitivity of K562/ADR chronic myeloid leukemia cells to doxorubicin through PI3K/Akt pathway.
          Cucurbitacin B      Cucurbitaceae     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [12]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BIRC5  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model 8505C CVCL_1054 Thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma Homo sapiens
CAL-62 CVCL_1112 Thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Doxorubicin has a synergistic cytotoxicity with cucurbitacin B in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.
          Cucurbitacin E      Cucumic melo     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [13]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model NCI-N87 CVCL_1603 Gastric tubular adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
BGC-823 CVCL_3360 Gastric cancer Homo sapiens
SNU-16 CVCL_0076 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
SGC-7901 CVCL_0520 Human gastric cancer Homo sapiens
MGC-803 CVCL_5334 Gastric mucinous adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Female BALB/c nude mice (4-5 weeks old) were subcutaneously injected with 1*107 NCI-N87 cells (suspended in 100 ul of PBS with 50% Matrigel) to establish tumors.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and enhances the chemo-response in gastric cancer by suppressing AKt activation.
          Danthron      Rheum palmatum     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [14]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Danthron has an anticancer effect and can sensitize the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin on pancreatic cancer cells.
          Deguelin      Derris trifoliata     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [15]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression SQSTM1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MIA PaCa-2 CVCL_0428 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
PANC-1 CVCL_0480 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
HPDE CVCL_4376 Healthy Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Inhibition of autophagy by deguelin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to doxorubicin.
          Dehydrocostus lactone      Saussurea costus     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [16]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model NCI-H460 CVCL_0459 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens
A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The putative mechanism behind the metastasis-limiting effects of DHC may involve the suppression of Akt/GSK-3Beta and inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lung cancer cells.
          Dihydroartemisinin      Artemisia annua     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [17]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP7  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
T-47D CVCL_0553 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combinative treatment remarkably decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and activated caspase cascades more than the mono-treatment.
          Flavopiridol      Dysoxylum binectariferum     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [18]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression NDRG1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model Subcutaneous injections of 2.5*105 viable MH134 cells suspended in 0.1 mL of media were performed in the right flanks of five-week-old male C3H/He mice, creating a bleb.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination of doxorubicin and flavopiridol has a synergistic anti-tumor effect in an in vivo HCC model.
          Gambogic acid      Garcinia morella     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [19]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BIRC5  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP8  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression FAS  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression NFKBIA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression NFKBIA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression XIAP  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Viable A549 cells (5*106/100 ul PBS per mouse) were mixed with 50% Matrigel, and then subcutaneously injected into the right flank of 7- to 8- week old male Balb/c nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Suppression of NF-KappaB signaling and P-glycoprotein function by gambogic acid synergistically potentiates adriamycin -induced apoptosis in lung cancer.
          Glycyrrhetinic acid      Glycyrrhiza glabra     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [20]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with HepG2 cells at a density of 5 * 106 cells/mouse.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 DOX/PEG-Fmoc-GA containing micelles facilitated the efficient cleavage of GA in tumor tissues/cells, leading to a higher level of synergistic antitumor activity with DOX in vitro and in vivo.
          Gossypol      Gossypium herbaceum     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [21]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Increase Cell cycle arrest in S phase
                    In-vitro Model SW982 CVCL_1734 Biphasic synovial sarcoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination therapy with L gossypol and low-concentration doxorubicin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in SW982 HSSCs at a significantly greater level compared with either treatment alone.
          Hesperetin      Citrus limon     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [22]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression HER2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression RNASE1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The combination of Hst and Dox-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, decreased HER2, Rac1, MMP9 expression, and cell migration.
          Hesperidin      Citrus sinensis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [23]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression TP53  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model The 1*106 Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells were transplanted subcutaneously in the left thigh of male albino mice for the experiment.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The use of HES as adjuvant therapy with DOX enhanced the therapeutic efficacy and alleviate the resistance to DOX in treatment of solid tumors.
          Honokiol      Magnolia officinalis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [24]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model 4T1 CVCL_0125 Malignant neoplasms Mus musculus
BCaP-37 CVCL_0164 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells (1.0*105) were suspended in 0.1 mL of normal saline (NS) and injected subcutaneously in theright axillary fossa of BALB/c mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Honokiol inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 cells via apoptosis and significantly enhanced the apoptosis of 4T1 cells induced by adriamycin.
          Kaempferol      Equisetum hyemale     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [25]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression MMP-9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression mTOR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression PIK3CB  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Huh-7 CVCL_0336 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
HuH-1 CVCL_2956 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep-G2/2.2.15 CVCL_L855 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens
SK-HEP-1 CVCL_0525 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
PLC/PRF/5 CVCL_0485 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
HLE CVCL_1281 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
HLF CVCL_2947 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep 3B2.1-7 CVCL_0326 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Kaempferol exhibits a synergistic effect with doxorubicin to inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer.
          Methylglyoxal      Saccharomyces cerevisiae     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [26]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination treatment with doxorubicin or cisplatin hindered mammosphere forming efficiency and inclusively eliminated both cancer stem as well as non-stem cancer cells.
          Naringin      Citrus x rokugatsu     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [27]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model H9c2(2-1) CVCL_0286 Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Naringin protects myocardial cells from doxorubicin induced apoptosis partially by inhibiting the p38MAPK pathway.
          Neferine      Nelumbo nucifera     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [28]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model A-549 CVCL_0023 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Neferine acts as an effective enhancer of DOX-induced cell death in A549 cells through ROS mediated apoptosis with MAPK activation and inhibition of NF-KappaB nuclear translocation.
          Noscapine      Papaver somniferum     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [29]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CASP8  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression NFKBIA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-468 CVCL_0419 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model For a xenograft model, 3*106 MDA-MB-231 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into right flank of mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Noscapine potentiated the anticancer activity of Doxorubicin in a synergistic manner against TNBC tumors via inactivation of NF-KB and anti-angiogenic pathways while stimulating apoptosis.
          Quercetin      Averrhoa carambola     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [30]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Quercetin potentiates the effect of adriamycin in a multidrug-resistant MCF-7 human breast-cancer cell line by down-regulating P-glycoprotein.
          Resveratrol      Gnetum parvifolium     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [31]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MSH3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model MCF-7/adr cells (5*105 cells in 0.1mL) suspended in serum-free medium containing 50% Matrigel were inoculated subcutaneously through 25-gauge needles into the right flank of each nude mouse.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Resveratrol enhances chemosensitivity of doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells via increased cellular influx of doxorubicin.
          Shikonin      Lithospermum erythrorhizon     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [32]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression microRNA 19a  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation mTOR  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MYC  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model Raji CVCL_0511 EBV-related Burkitt lymphoma Homo sapiens
Namalwa CVCL_0067 EBV-related Burkitt lymphoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model A mixture of 1*107 Namalwa cells and PBS was injected subcutaneously in the right oxter of each male non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice (4 weeks old).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Shikonin exerts antitumor activity in Burkitt's lymphoma by inhibiting C-MYC and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and acts synergistically with doxorubicin.
          Silymarin      Carduus marianus     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [33]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combined applications of doxorubicin and silymarin caused higher apoptosis and necrosis of cells in 24 h than that of single agent applications.
          Tanshinone IIA      Salvia miltiorrhiza     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [34]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Tan IIA enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of Dox against breast cancer while reducing its toxic side effects including weight loss, myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.
          Theanine      Theaceae     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [36]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model M5076 CVCL_3997 Mouse ovarian histiocytic sarcoma Mus musculus
                    In-vivo Model M5076 ovarian sarcoma (1 * 106 cells/mouse) were s.c. transplanted onto the backs of BDF1 mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Theanine increased not only the antitumor activity on primary tumor but also the metastasis-suppressive efficacy of doxorubicin.
          Thymoquinone      Nigella sativa     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [37]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression MKI67  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model HuT 102 CVCL_3526 Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome Homo sapiens
Jurkat CVCL_0065 T acute lymphoblastic leukemia Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model 7.5 * 106 HuT-102 tumor cells in 100 ul Media:Matrigel (1:1 ratio) were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank of NOD/SCID mice (6-8 weeks, ~20 g).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Thymoquinone enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin against adult T-cell leukemia in vitro and in vivo through ROS-dependent mechanisms.
          Ursolic acid      Potentilla indica     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [38]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Disruption Glycolysis
Disruption TCA cycle
Disruption Glutamine metabolism
Disruption Synthesis of amino acids
Down-regulation P-gp efflux
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Combination of UA and Dox could reverse the MDR in breast cancer cells by inhibition of P-gp function and disruption of the metabolism of energy and related amino acids.
          Vinblastine      Catharanthus roseus     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [39]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The results of the ECHELON-1 study showed a significantly longer modified progression-free survival (mPFS) following BV+AVD than with ABVD in primary HL.
          Wogonin      Scutellaria amoena     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Augmenting Drug Sensitivity     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [40]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IGF1R  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model BCaP-37 CVCL_0164 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Wogonin increases doxorubicin sensitivity by down-regulation of IGF-1R/AKT signaling pathway in human breast cancer.
          Selenium + Paclitaxel     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Achieving Therapeutic Synergy     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [67]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model T84 CVCL_0555 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
Caco-2 CVCL_0025 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
Rh2 CVCL_A460 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
SK-BR-3 CVCL_0033 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
BCaP-37 CVCL_0164 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
LNCaP CVCL_0395 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
PC-3 CVCL_0035 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-10 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Supplementation of Selenium enhanced chemotherapeutic effect of Taxol and Doxorubicin in these cells beyond that seen with the chemotherapeutic drugs used alone.
    β. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Decrease the Adverse Effect of This Drug
          Acovenoside A      Acokanthera oppositifolia     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [41]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CKM  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression CRP  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression GPT  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL19  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Activity IRF3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Activity IRF7  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression LDHA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression TNF  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression TNNT2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation GSH level
Down-regulation Nitric oxide level
Up-regulation Total antioxidant capacity
                    In-vivo Model Male Swiss albino mice weighing 25 +/- 5 g were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Adjuvant administration of AcoA with doxorubicin could provide a new treatment strategy for the rescue of jeopardized myocardium from doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
          Agmatine      Escherichia coli     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [42]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Agmatine may improve therapeutic outcomes of doxorubicin since it exerts protective effects against doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity in rats.
          Aloin      Aloe Vera     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [43]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression IL19  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Secretion IL1B  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Secretion IL6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Secretion TNF  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Inhibition DOX-induced rise in MAB
                    In-vivo Model Male Wistar rats (150-200 g, age 6-8 weeks) were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Aloin alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by abrogating oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
          Alpha linolenic acid      Perilla frutescens     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [44]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression BAX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation ERK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220+ 20 were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Alpha-Linolenic acid attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats through suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
          Arctigenin      Arctium lappa     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [45]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 ATG might alleviate the side effects and improve the therapeutic efficacy of DOX.
          Asiatic acid      Centella asiatica     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [46]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression AKT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model H9c2(2-1) CVCL_0286 Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    In-vivo Model Male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Asiatic acid could attenuate DOX-induced myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis via activation of the AKT signaling pathway.
          Curdione      Curcuma zedoaria     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [47]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression BCL-2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model H9c2(2-1) CVCL_0286 Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curdione ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through suppressing oxidative stress and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
          Gingerol      Zingiber officinale     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [48]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model 4T1Br4 Breast cancer Rattus norvegicus
MDA-MB-231 HMTL.6 Breast cancer Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model For a xenograft model, 1*106 human MDA-MB-231 HMTL.6 cells were injected into the inguinal mammary fat pad of Balb/c congenic athymic nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 [10]-Gingerol improves doxorubicin anticancer activity and decreases its side effects in triple negative breast cancer models.
          Schisandrol B      Schisandra chinensis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [49]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression MSH3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model Male ICR mice (18-22 g) and male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Schisandrin B prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via enhancing glutathione redox cycling.
          Sclareol      Salvia sclarea     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [50]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
4T1 CVCL_0125 Malignant neoplasms Mus musculus
                    In-vivo Model 4T1 (2.5 * 106 ) tumour cells were subcutaneously injected into the right thigh of female BALB/c mice (5 weeks old, around 20 g).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 NLC-DOX-SC shows to be a superior option over the free combination as it maintains the synergism between DOX and SC in triple negative breast cancer models and is less toxic (less myelossupressive, prevents weight loss and behaviour alterations) than the free combination, showing the benefits of nanomedicine in reducing chemotherapy side effects.
          Streptozocin      Streptomyces achromogenes     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [51]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Clinical trial
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 The use of FAS before liver resection is associated with improved OS compared with surgery alone among patients with advanced synchronous pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases.
          Sulforaphane      Brassica oleracea     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [52]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression DNMT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression HDAC9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-10A CVCL_0598 Healthy Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
13762 MAT B III CVCL_3475 Adenocarcinoma Rattus norvegicus
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
NRCM Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    In-vivo Model Non-tumor bearing female Sprague Dawley rats (age 6-8 weeks) were examined for the cardiac effects of SFN administration during chronic DOX treatment.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sulforaphane potentiates anticancer effects of doxorubicin and attenuates its cardiotoxicity in a breast cancer model.
          Vanillic acid      Angelica sinensis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [53]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression TLR4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model Male Wistar albino rats weighing 200 +/- 20 g were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 VA exerts cardioprotective effects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and biomarkers of cardiotoxicity, suppression of TLR4 signaling and consequently inflammation pathway.
          Visnagin      Ammi visnaga     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Decreasing Adverse Drug Reaction     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [54]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression MDH2  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model DU145 CVCL_0105 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
LNCaP CVCL_0395 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens
MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model Zebrafish and male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Visnagin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy through modulation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase.
    γ. A List of Natural Product(s) Able to Reverse the Resistance of This Drug
          Aloe emodin      Senna occidentalis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [55]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Activity ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 AE could be a potential reversal agent to resensitize ADR resistant in tumor chemotherapy.
          Calycosin      Astragalus     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [56]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression SIRT1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model H9c2(2-1) CVCL_0286 Healthy Rattus norvegicus
                    In-vivo Model Male Kunming mice (8- 10 weeks old; body weight: 22 +/- 2 g) were used to construct a short-term model of cardiomyopathy.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Calycosin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the sirtuin 1-NOD-like receptor protein 3 pathway.
          Curcumin      Hellenia speciosa     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [57]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Activity ABCB4  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation ABCB4-mediated doxorubicin transport
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
MDA-MB-231 CVCL_0062 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
MDCK-II CVCL_0424 Healthy Canis lupus familiaris
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Curcumin reversed doxorubicin resistance in human breast cancer MCF 7/DOX and MDA MB231/DOX cells by inhibiting the ATPase activity of ABCB4.
          Dicoumarol      Vanilla fragrans     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [58]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation p38 beta  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Phosphorylation TP53  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model RT-112 CVCL_1670 Bladder carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Concomitant use of dicoumarol could enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in urothelial cancer cells with wt-p53 through the p53/p21/p38 MAPK pathways.
          Epigallocatechin gallate      Hamamelis virginiana     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [59]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation DOX accumulation
                    In-vitro Model KB-A1 CVCL_1D82 Human oral epidermoid carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model About 5 x106 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of the athymic male nude mice.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 EGCG could chemosensitize resistant tumor cells to DOX in vivo through an increase in the accumulation of DOX in the tumors.
          L-carnitine      Homo sapiens     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [60]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vivo Model Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing between 250 and 350 g were used in this study.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 L-carnitine can protect renal impairment functionally, biochemically and histopathologically with a corresponding reduction of oxidative stress.
          Schisandrin A      Schisandra chinensis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [61]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression ABCB1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RELA  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model MCF-7 CVCL_0031 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Sch A specifically reverses P-gp-mediated DOX resistance in MCF-7/DOX cells by blocking P-gp, NF-KappaB, and Stat3 signaling. Inhibition of P65 and Stat3 shows potent anti-MDR effect on MCF-7/DOX cells.
          Schisandrol A      Schisandra chinensis     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [62]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    In-vitro Model Hep-G2 CVCL_0027 Hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 SCH acts by affecting the normal formation and functioning of the Pgp-substrate complexes.
          Silibinin      Carduus marianus     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [63]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression SLC2A1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model LoVo CVCL_0399 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Silybin counteracts doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting GLUT1 expression.
          Triptolide      Tripterygium hypoglaucum     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [64]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Up-regulation Expression CASP9  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation CHK1  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression H2AFX  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RAD53  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vitro Model NALM-6 CVCL_0092 Adult B acute lymphoblastic leukemia Homo sapiens
                    In-vivo Model To generate a mouse model of araC-resistant ALL, NALM-6/R cells (5 * 105) were subcutaneously injected into the angular veins of sublethally irradiated adult NSI (NOD/SCID IL2rg-/-) mice (20-30 g body weight, 2-3 months of age).
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Low dose triptolide reverses chemoresistance in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells via reactive oxygen species generation and DNA damage response disruption.
          Vitexin      Theaceae     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [65]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Molecule(s)
                    Regulation		 Down-regulation Expression CASP3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Up-regulation Expression FOXO3  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression IL6  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
Down-regulation Expression p105  Molecule Info 
Pathway MAP
                    In-vivo Model Model rats were induced by i.p. injection of DOX (2 mg/kg) once a week for 4 weeks.
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Vitexin possesses cardioprotective action against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic signals.
          Voacamine      Voacanga africana     Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data of This NP
                 Reversing Drug Resistance     Click to Show/Hide
                    Representative Experiment Reporting the Effect of This Combination [66]
                    Detail(s)  Combination Info  click to show the detail info of this combination
                    Biological
                    Regulation		 Induction Autophagic cell death
                    In-vitro Model U2OS CVCL_0042 Osteosarcoma Homo sapiens
U-2 OS R1 CVCL_T429 Osteosarcoma Homo sapiens
                    Experimental
                    Result(s)		 Voacamine is capable of enhancing the cytotoxic effect of DOX on MDR cells by favouring a lethal autophagic process.
Target and Pathway
Target(s) DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)  Molecule Info  [68]
References
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